| Summary: | Sarah Shidid,1 Martin H Bluth,2 Tamar A Smith-Norowitz1 1Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, New York, NY, 11203, USA; 2Department of Pathology, Maimonides Medical Center, New York, NY, 11219, USACorrespondence: Sarah Shidid, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York, NY, 11203, USA, Tel +1718 270-1295, Fax +1718 270-3289, Email sarah.shidid@gmail.comAbstract: Inflammasome dysfunction may be responsible for underlying inflammatory diseases, which include renal and urological pathologies. Five inflammasomes have been described, including nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat (NLR), NL pyrin domain containing receptor 1(NLPR1), NLRP3, NLR and caspase recruitment domain containing receptor 4 (NLRC4), and the AIM2-like receptor. The purpose of this study was to review literature sources regarding how innate immunity and inflammasomes contribute to urologic disease and infection. A literature search of PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE and Google Scholar articles. Articles were selected for review if their content included (1) inflammasomes and (2) urology in the adult population. The initiation of specific cytokine cascades, which include IL-1β and IL-18, appear responsible for a repertoire of urologic pathologies. Inflammation mediates a wide range of uropathies (urologic disorders and infections) which are found in the bladder, prostate, or kidney and inflammasomes appear to be particularly responsible for urological and renal pathologies. Understanding the role of inflammasomes in urologic disorders can help improve treatment and overall quality of life in patients with these disorders.Keywords: inflammasomes, urological pathologies, inflammation, cytokine, therapeutics
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