Ins and Outs of the Ankle Syndesmosis from a 2D to 3D CT Perspective
Despite various proposed measurement techniques for assessing syndesmosis integrity, a standardized protocol is lacking, and the existing literature reports inconsistent findings regarding normal and abnormal relationships between the fibula and tibia at the distal level. Therefore, this study aims...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2023-09-01
|
| Series: | Applied Sciences |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/13/19/10624 |
| _version_ | 1797576257004634112 |
|---|---|
| author | Thibaut Dhont Manu Huyghe Matthias Peiffer Noortje Hagemeijer Bedri Karaismailoglu Nicola Krahenbuhl Emmanuel Audenaert Arne Burssens |
| author_facet | Thibaut Dhont Manu Huyghe Matthias Peiffer Noortje Hagemeijer Bedri Karaismailoglu Nicola Krahenbuhl Emmanuel Audenaert Arne Burssens |
| author_sort | Thibaut Dhont |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Despite various proposed measurement techniques for assessing syndesmosis integrity, a standardized protocol is lacking, and the existing literature reports inconsistent findings regarding normal and abnormal relationships between the fibula and tibia at the distal level. Therefore, this study aims to present an overview of two- (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) measurement methods utilized to evaluate syndesmosis integrity. A topical literature review was conducted, including studies employing 2D or 3D measurement techniques to quantify distal tibiofibular syndesmosis alignment on computed tomography (CT) or weight-bearing CT (WBCT) scans. A total of 49 eligible articles were included in this review. While most interclass correlation (ICC) values indicate favorable reliability, certain measurements involving multiple steps exhibited lower ICC values, potentially due to the learning curve associated with their implementation. Inconclusive results were obtained regarding the influence of age, sex, and height on syndesmotic measurements. No significant difference was observed between bilateral ankles, permitting the use of the opposite side as an internal control for comparison. There is a notable range of normal and pathological values, as evidenced by the standard deviation associated with each measurement. This review highlights the absence of a consensus on syndesmotic measurements for assessing integrity despite numerous CT scan studies. The diverse measurement techniques, complexity, and inconclusive findings present challenges in distinguishing between normal and pathological values in routine clinical practice. Promising advancements in novel 3D techniques offer potential for automated measurements and reduction of observer inaccuracies, but further validation is needed. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T21:49:43Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-93dbe421037840fb83eff665fb38fb54 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3417 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T21:49:43Z |
| publishDate | 2023-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Applied Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-93dbe421037840fb83eff665fb38fb542023-11-19T14:01:58ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172023-09-0113191062410.3390/app131910624Ins and Outs of the Ankle Syndesmosis from a 2D to 3D CT PerspectiveThibaut Dhont0Manu Huyghe1Matthias Peiffer2Noortje Hagemeijer3Bedri Karaismailoglu4Nicola Krahenbuhl5Emmanuel Audenaert6Arne Burssens7Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Gent, BelgiumFaculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Gent, BelgiumDepartment of Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, BelgiumDepartment of Orthopedic Surgery, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The NetherlandsDepartment of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, 34320 Istanbul, TurkeyDepartment of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Universitätsspital Basel, 4031 Basel, SwitzerlandDepartment of Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, BelgiumDepartment of Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, BelgiumDespite various proposed measurement techniques for assessing syndesmosis integrity, a standardized protocol is lacking, and the existing literature reports inconsistent findings regarding normal and abnormal relationships between the fibula and tibia at the distal level. Therefore, this study aims to present an overview of two- (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) measurement methods utilized to evaluate syndesmosis integrity. A topical literature review was conducted, including studies employing 2D or 3D measurement techniques to quantify distal tibiofibular syndesmosis alignment on computed tomography (CT) or weight-bearing CT (WBCT) scans. A total of 49 eligible articles were included in this review. While most interclass correlation (ICC) values indicate favorable reliability, certain measurements involving multiple steps exhibited lower ICC values, potentially due to the learning curve associated with their implementation. Inconclusive results were obtained regarding the influence of age, sex, and height on syndesmotic measurements. No significant difference was observed between bilateral ankles, permitting the use of the opposite side as an internal control for comparison. There is a notable range of normal and pathological values, as evidenced by the standard deviation associated with each measurement. This review highlights the absence of a consensus on syndesmotic measurements for assessing integrity despite numerous CT scan studies. The diverse measurement techniques, complexity, and inconclusive findings present challenges in distinguishing between normal and pathological values in routine clinical practice. Promising advancements in novel 3D techniques offer potential for automated measurements and reduction of observer inaccuracies, but further validation is needed.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/13/19/10624ankle syndesmosisweightbearing CT3D modelling2D measurementssport injuries |
| spellingShingle | Thibaut Dhont Manu Huyghe Matthias Peiffer Noortje Hagemeijer Bedri Karaismailoglu Nicola Krahenbuhl Emmanuel Audenaert Arne Burssens Ins and Outs of the Ankle Syndesmosis from a 2D to 3D CT Perspective Applied Sciences ankle syndesmosis weightbearing CT 3D modelling 2D measurements sport injuries |
| title | Ins and Outs of the Ankle Syndesmosis from a 2D to 3D CT Perspective |
| title_full | Ins and Outs of the Ankle Syndesmosis from a 2D to 3D CT Perspective |
| title_fullStr | Ins and Outs of the Ankle Syndesmosis from a 2D to 3D CT Perspective |
| title_full_unstemmed | Ins and Outs of the Ankle Syndesmosis from a 2D to 3D CT Perspective |
| title_short | Ins and Outs of the Ankle Syndesmosis from a 2D to 3D CT Perspective |
| title_sort | ins and outs of the ankle syndesmosis from a 2d to 3d ct perspective |
| topic | ankle syndesmosis weightbearing CT 3D modelling 2D measurements sport injuries |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/13/19/10624 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT thibautdhont insandoutsoftheanklesyndesmosisfroma2dto3dctperspective AT manuhuyghe insandoutsoftheanklesyndesmosisfroma2dto3dctperspective AT matthiaspeiffer insandoutsoftheanklesyndesmosisfroma2dto3dctperspective AT noortjehagemeijer insandoutsoftheanklesyndesmosisfroma2dto3dctperspective AT bedrikaraismailoglu insandoutsoftheanklesyndesmosisfroma2dto3dctperspective AT nicolakrahenbuhl insandoutsoftheanklesyndesmosisfroma2dto3dctperspective AT emmanuelaudenaert insandoutsoftheanklesyndesmosisfroma2dto3dctperspective AT arneburssens insandoutsoftheanklesyndesmosisfroma2dto3dctperspective |