Competition among Flavescence Dorée Phytoplasma Strains in the Experimental Insect Vector <i>Euscelidius variegatus</i>
Phytoplasmas are plant pathogenic wall-less bacteria transmitted in a persistent propagative manner by hemipteran insects, mainly belonging to the suborder Auchenorrhyncha (Fulgoromorpha and Cicadomorpha). Flavescence dorée (FD) is a quarantine disease of grapevine, causing great damage to European...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-06-01
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| Series: | Insects |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/14/7/575 |
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| author | Marika Rossi Luciana Galetto Nicola Bodino Jessica Beltramo Silvia Gamalero Mattia Pegoraro Domenico Bosco Cristina Marzachì |
| author_facet | Marika Rossi Luciana Galetto Nicola Bodino Jessica Beltramo Silvia Gamalero Mattia Pegoraro Domenico Bosco Cristina Marzachì |
| author_sort | Marika Rossi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Phytoplasmas are plant pathogenic wall-less bacteria transmitted in a persistent propagative manner by hemipteran insects, mainly belonging to the suborder Auchenorrhyncha (Fulgoromorpha and Cicadomorpha). Flavescence dorée (FD) is a quarantine disease of grapevine, causing great damage to European viticulture and associated with phytoplasmas belonging to 16SrV-C (FD-C) and -D (FD-D) subgroups. FD-C and FD-D strains share similar pathogenicity, but mixed infections are rare in nature. To investigate the competition among FDp strains, specimens of the laboratory vector <i>Euscelidius variegatus</i> (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) were forced to acquire both phytoplasma haplotypes upon feeding on FD-C- and FD-D-infected plants or after the injection of both strains. The pathogen colonization of insect bodies and heads was monitored with multiplex qPCR, and the efficiencies of phytoplasma transmission were estimated. Single infection, irrespective of strain type, was more frequent than expected, indicating that competition among FD strains occurs. Hypotheses of competition for resources and/or host active sites or the direct antibiosis of one strain against the other are discussed, based on the genetic complexity of FDp populations and on the high genome variability of the FD-D strain. As FD management still mainly relies on insecticides against vectors, the characterization of FDp haplotypes and the description of their epidemiology also have practical implications. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T00:58:51Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-93eab5a799e4427d8b99338a5fbf71b3 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-4450 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T00:58:51Z |
| publishDate | 2023-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Insects |
| spelling | doaj.art-93eab5a799e4427d8b99338a5fbf71b32023-11-18T19:48:25ZengMDPI AGInsects2075-44502023-06-0114757510.3390/insects14070575Competition among Flavescence Dorée Phytoplasma Strains in the Experimental Insect Vector <i>Euscelidius variegatus</i>Marika Rossi0Luciana Galetto1Nicola Bodino2Jessica Beltramo3Silvia Gamalero4Mattia Pegoraro5Domenico Bosco6Cristina Marzachì7Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, IPSP-CNR, Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135 Torino, ItalyIstituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, IPSP-CNR, Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135 Torino, ItalyIstituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, IPSP-CNR, Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135 Torino, ItalyIstituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, IPSP-CNR, Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135 Torino, ItalyIstituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, IPSP-CNR, Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135 Torino, ItalyIstituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, IPSP-CNR, Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135 Torino, ItalyIstituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, IPSP-CNR, Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135 Torino, ItalyIstituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, IPSP-CNR, Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135 Torino, ItalyPhytoplasmas are plant pathogenic wall-less bacteria transmitted in a persistent propagative manner by hemipteran insects, mainly belonging to the suborder Auchenorrhyncha (Fulgoromorpha and Cicadomorpha). Flavescence dorée (FD) is a quarantine disease of grapevine, causing great damage to European viticulture and associated with phytoplasmas belonging to 16SrV-C (FD-C) and -D (FD-D) subgroups. FD-C and FD-D strains share similar pathogenicity, but mixed infections are rare in nature. To investigate the competition among FDp strains, specimens of the laboratory vector <i>Euscelidius variegatus</i> (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) were forced to acquire both phytoplasma haplotypes upon feeding on FD-C- and FD-D-infected plants or after the injection of both strains. The pathogen colonization of insect bodies and heads was monitored with multiplex qPCR, and the efficiencies of phytoplasma transmission were estimated. Single infection, irrespective of strain type, was more frequent than expected, indicating that competition among FD strains occurs. Hypotheses of competition for resources and/or host active sites or the direct antibiosis of one strain against the other are discussed, based on the genetic complexity of FDp populations and on the high genome variability of the FD-D strain. As FD management still mainly relies on insecticides against vectors, the characterization of FDp haplotypes and the description of their epidemiology also have practical implications.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/14/7/575grapevine Flavescence doréeleafhopperHemipteraCicadellidae16SrV-C and -D ribosomal groups |
| spellingShingle | Marika Rossi Luciana Galetto Nicola Bodino Jessica Beltramo Silvia Gamalero Mattia Pegoraro Domenico Bosco Cristina Marzachì Competition among Flavescence Dorée Phytoplasma Strains in the Experimental Insect Vector <i>Euscelidius variegatus</i> Insects grapevine Flavescence dorée leafhopper Hemiptera Cicadellidae 16SrV-C and -D ribosomal groups |
| title | Competition among Flavescence Dorée Phytoplasma Strains in the Experimental Insect Vector <i>Euscelidius variegatus</i> |
| title_full | Competition among Flavescence Dorée Phytoplasma Strains in the Experimental Insect Vector <i>Euscelidius variegatus</i> |
| title_fullStr | Competition among Flavescence Dorée Phytoplasma Strains in the Experimental Insect Vector <i>Euscelidius variegatus</i> |
| title_full_unstemmed | Competition among Flavescence Dorée Phytoplasma Strains in the Experimental Insect Vector <i>Euscelidius variegatus</i> |
| title_short | Competition among Flavescence Dorée Phytoplasma Strains in the Experimental Insect Vector <i>Euscelidius variegatus</i> |
| title_sort | competition among flavescence doree phytoplasma strains in the experimental insect vector i euscelidius variegatus i |
| topic | grapevine Flavescence dorée leafhopper Hemiptera Cicadellidae 16SrV-C and -D ribosomal groups |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/14/7/575 |
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