| Summary: | <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> spore display has become a field of increasing interest in the past two decades. To improve the efficiency of <i>B. subtilis</i> spore display, its directed modification was performed based on the cellulosome architecture by introducing onto them divergent cohesin (Coh) modules that can specifically bind to the target enzyme bearing the matching dockerins (Doc). In this study, five different pairs of cohesins and dockerins, selected from four cellulolytic microbes, were examined for their capabilities in displaying a tetrameric enzyme β-galactosidase from <i>Bacillus stearothermophilus</i> IAM11001 on the surface of <i>B. subtilis</i> WB600 spores. Immunofluorescence microscopy, western blotting, dot blotting, and enzyme assay was applied to confirm its surface expression. All the resultant five Coh–Doc based spore display can hydrolyze <i>o</i>-nitrophenyl-β-D-galactopyranoside. Further, the optimized Coh–Doc based spore display exhibited the highest display efficiency. Overall, the results of current study may open new perspectives on the use of Coh–Doc interaction, which will find application in improving the efficiency of <i>B. subtilis</i> spore display.
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