Prohexadione-calcium improves grape quality by regulating endogenous hormones, sugar and acid metabolism and related enzyme activities in grape berries
Abstract Prohexadione-Calcium (Pro-Ca) plays key roles in improving fruit quality and yield by regulating various aspects of plant growth. However, the effects of how Pro-Ca regulates the regulation of sugar and acid balance and its impact on the production of volatile aroma substances during fruit...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2024-02-01
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| Series: | BMC Plant Biology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-024-04803-4 |
| _version_ | 1797275292590407680 |
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| author | Dou Li Jiangshan Yang Zibo Dai Yajuan Chen Zhang Shao Chunheng Wang Xin Jin Yuhang Wang Lidan Feng |
| author_facet | Dou Li Jiangshan Yang Zibo Dai Yajuan Chen Zhang Shao Chunheng Wang Xin Jin Yuhang Wang Lidan Feng |
| author_sort | Dou Li |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Prohexadione-Calcium (Pro-Ca) plays key roles in improving fruit quality and yield by regulating various aspects of plant growth. However, the effects of how Pro-Ca regulates the regulation of sugar and acid balance and its impact on the production of volatile aroma substances during fruit growth and development are poorly understood. In this study, the Pro-Ca solutions developed at concentrations of 200, 400, 600 and 800 mg·L-1 were sprayed on the entire “Chardonnay” grape tree 22, 42, 62 and 82 days after initial flowering. The values of endogenous hormones, sugar and acid content, enzyme activities and flavor content were then measured in grapes 45, 65, 85 and 105 days (ripeness stage) after the initial flowering. The results showed that Pro-Ca had significant effects on fruits during development, including reducing ABA content, increasing ZT, GA3 and IAA levels, promoting fruit ripening and enhancing enzymes, which are involved in sugar and acid synthesis. Consequently, these effects led to an increase in sugar and acid content in the berries. Particularly during the ripening phase, the application of 600 mg L-1 Pro-Ca resulted in an increase in soluble sugar content of 11.28% and a significant increase in citric acid and malic acid content of 97.80% and 68.86%, respectively. Additionally, Pro-Ca treatment enhanced both the variety and quantity of aroma compounds present in the berries, with the 600 mg·L-1 Pro-Ca treatment showcasing the most favorable impact on volatile aroma compounds in ‘Chardonnay’ grapes. The levels of aldehydes, esters, alcohols, phenols, acids, ketones, and terpenes were significantly higher under the 600 mg·L-1 Pro-Ca treatment compared to those of control with 51.46 − 423.85% increase. In conclusion, Pro-Ca can regulate the content of endogenous hormones and the activities of enzymes related to sugar and acid metabolism in fruit, thereby increasing the content of soluble sugar and organic acid in fruit and the diversity and concentration of fruit aroma substances. Among them, foliar spraying 600 mg · L-1 Pro-Ca has the best effect. In the future, we need to further understand the molecular mechanism of Pro-Ca in grape fruit to lay a solid foundation for quality improvement breeding. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-07T15:11:14Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-93f996d392264c568c23c0c43c612085 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1471-2229 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-07T15:11:14Z |
| publishDate | 2024-02-01 |
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| series | BMC Plant Biology |
| spelling | doaj.art-93f996d392264c568c23c0c43c6120852024-03-05T18:37:28ZengBMCBMC Plant Biology1471-22292024-02-0124112010.1186/s12870-024-04803-4Prohexadione-calcium improves grape quality by regulating endogenous hormones, sugar and acid metabolism and related enzyme activities in grape berriesDou Li0Jiangshan Yang1Zibo Dai2Yajuan Chen3Zhang Shao4Chunheng Wang5Xin Jin6Yuhang Wang7Lidan Feng8College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural UniversityCollege of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural UniversityCollege of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural UniversityCollege of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural UniversityCollege of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural UniversityCollege of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural UniversityCollege of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural UniversityCollege of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural UniversityResearch and Development Center of Wine Industry in Gansu ProvinceAbstract Prohexadione-Calcium (Pro-Ca) plays key roles in improving fruit quality and yield by regulating various aspects of plant growth. However, the effects of how Pro-Ca regulates the regulation of sugar and acid balance and its impact on the production of volatile aroma substances during fruit growth and development are poorly understood. In this study, the Pro-Ca solutions developed at concentrations of 200, 400, 600 and 800 mg·L-1 were sprayed on the entire “Chardonnay” grape tree 22, 42, 62 and 82 days after initial flowering. The values of endogenous hormones, sugar and acid content, enzyme activities and flavor content were then measured in grapes 45, 65, 85 and 105 days (ripeness stage) after the initial flowering. The results showed that Pro-Ca had significant effects on fruits during development, including reducing ABA content, increasing ZT, GA3 and IAA levels, promoting fruit ripening and enhancing enzymes, which are involved in sugar and acid synthesis. Consequently, these effects led to an increase in sugar and acid content in the berries. Particularly during the ripening phase, the application of 600 mg L-1 Pro-Ca resulted in an increase in soluble sugar content of 11.28% and a significant increase in citric acid and malic acid content of 97.80% and 68.86%, respectively. Additionally, Pro-Ca treatment enhanced both the variety and quantity of aroma compounds present in the berries, with the 600 mg·L-1 Pro-Ca treatment showcasing the most favorable impact on volatile aroma compounds in ‘Chardonnay’ grapes. The levels of aldehydes, esters, alcohols, phenols, acids, ketones, and terpenes were significantly higher under the 600 mg·L-1 Pro-Ca treatment compared to those of control with 51.46 − 423.85% increase. In conclusion, Pro-Ca can regulate the content of endogenous hormones and the activities of enzymes related to sugar and acid metabolism in fruit, thereby increasing the content of soluble sugar and organic acid in fruit and the diversity and concentration of fruit aroma substances. Among them, foliar spraying 600 mg · L-1 Pro-Ca has the best effect. In the future, we need to further understand the molecular mechanism of Pro-Ca in grape fruit to lay a solid foundation for quality improvement breeding.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-024-04803-4Wine grapesPro-caSugar and acid metabolismEndogenous hormonesAroma substances |
| spellingShingle | Dou Li Jiangshan Yang Zibo Dai Yajuan Chen Zhang Shao Chunheng Wang Xin Jin Yuhang Wang Lidan Feng Prohexadione-calcium improves grape quality by regulating endogenous hormones, sugar and acid metabolism and related enzyme activities in grape berries BMC Plant Biology Wine grapes Pro-ca Sugar and acid metabolism Endogenous hormones Aroma substances |
| title | Prohexadione-calcium improves grape quality by regulating endogenous hormones, sugar and acid metabolism and related enzyme activities in grape berries |
| title_full | Prohexadione-calcium improves grape quality by regulating endogenous hormones, sugar and acid metabolism and related enzyme activities in grape berries |
| title_fullStr | Prohexadione-calcium improves grape quality by regulating endogenous hormones, sugar and acid metabolism and related enzyme activities in grape berries |
| title_full_unstemmed | Prohexadione-calcium improves grape quality by regulating endogenous hormones, sugar and acid metabolism and related enzyme activities in grape berries |
| title_short | Prohexadione-calcium improves grape quality by regulating endogenous hormones, sugar and acid metabolism and related enzyme activities in grape berries |
| title_sort | prohexadione calcium improves grape quality by regulating endogenous hormones sugar and acid metabolism and related enzyme activities in grape berries |
| topic | Wine grapes Pro-ca Sugar and acid metabolism Endogenous hormones Aroma substances |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-024-04803-4 |
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