Lumpy Skin Disease (LSD) in Yak (<i>Bos grunniens</i>): An Evidence of Species Spillover from Cattle in India
Lumpy skin disease (LSD), caused by the lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV), is a global concern that affects cattle and buffalo. Recently, the disease has been reported in new species such as the Indian Gazelle, Camel, Banteng, Gaur, and Giraffe from various parts of the world. This report provides an...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-11-01
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| Series: | Microorganisms |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/11/12/2823 |
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| author | Gundallahalli Bayyappa Manjunatha Reddy Sai Mounica Pabbineedi Sudeep Nagaraj Shraddha Bijalwan Sunil Tadakod Zeruiah Bhutia Diki Palmu Seema Rai Pempa Doma Bhutia Pem Tshering Bhutia Emila Shenga Baldev Raj Gulati |
| author_facet | Gundallahalli Bayyappa Manjunatha Reddy Sai Mounica Pabbineedi Sudeep Nagaraj Shraddha Bijalwan Sunil Tadakod Zeruiah Bhutia Diki Palmu Seema Rai Pempa Doma Bhutia Pem Tshering Bhutia Emila Shenga Baldev Raj Gulati |
| author_sort | Gundallahalli Bayyappa Manjunatha Reddy |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Lumpy skin disease (LSD), caused by the lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV), is a global concern that affects cattle and buffalo. Recently, the disease has been reported in new species such as the Indian Gazelle, Camel, Banteng, Gaur, and Giraffe from various parts of the world. This report provides an insight into the occurrence of LSD in Yak from Sikkim, a North-Eastern state of India. During the investigation, both cattle and yak exhibited typical clinical signs of LSD, including skin nodular lesions. The morbidity, mortality, and case fatality rates for cattle were 9.08%, 1.84%, and 20.24%, respectively. Similarly, the morbidity, mortality, and case fatality rates in yak were 7.57%, 1.24%, and 16.33%, respectively. The virus isolation and amplification of LSDV-specific genes confirmed the presence of LSDV in cattle, yak, and vectors. Further, demonstrated antibodies in randomly collected sera from naïve and unvaccinated cattle and yak using indirect Enzyme Linked Immuno-sorbent Assay (iELISA) and Serum Neutralisation test (SNT) from this region. Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of <i>P32</i>, <i>GPCR</i>, and <i>RPO30</i> genes revealed that the virus isolated from both species was 100% identical to each other and also closely related to the field LSDV isolates circulating in the Indian subcontinent. The study highlighted the emergence of LSDV in unconventional hosts and underscored the need to include other bovine species in national disease control programs, encompassing disease surveillance initiatives. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T20:32:05Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-93fc90aca9f9427ca342e60336db007b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-2607 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T20:32:05Z |
| publishDate | 2023-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Microorganisms |
| spelling | doaj.art-93fc90aca9f9427ca342e60336db007b2023-12-22T14:25:35ZengMDPI AGMicroorganisms2076-26072023-11-011112282310.3390/microorganisms11122823Lumpy Skin Disease (LSD) in Yak (<i>Bos grunniens</i>): An Evidence of Species Spillover from Cattle in IndiaGundallahalli Bayyappa Manjunatha Reddy0Sai Mounica Pabbineedi1Sudeep Nagaraj2Shraddha Bijalwan3Sunil Tadakod4Zeruiah Bhutia5Diki Palmu6Seema Rai7Pempa Doma Bhutia8Pem Tshering Bhutia9Emila Shenga10Baldev Raj Gulati11ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Bengaluru 560064, IndiaICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Bengaluru 560064, IndiaICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Bengaluru 560064, IndiaICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Bengaluru 560064, IndiaICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Bengaluru 560064, IndiaAnimal Husbandry and Veterinary Services Department, Tadong, Sikkim 791109, IndiaAnimal Husbandry and Veterinary Services Department, Tadong, Sikkim 791109, IndiaAnimal Husbandry and Veterinary Services Department, Tadong, Sikkim 791109, IndiaAnimal Husbandry and Veterinary Services Department, Tadong, Sikkim 791109, IndiaAnimal Husbandry and Veterinary Services Department, Tadong, Sikkim 791109, IndiaAnimal Husbandry and Veterinary Services Department, Tadong, Sikkim 791109, IndiaICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Bengaluru 560064, IndiaLumpy skin disease (LSD), caused by the lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV), is a global concern that affects cattle and buffalo. Recently, the disease has been reported in new species such as the Indian Gazelle, Camel, Banteng, Gaur, and Giraffe from various parts of the world. This report provides an insight into the occurrence of LSD in Yak from Sikkim, a North-Eastern state of India. During the investigation, both cattle and yak exhibited typical clinical signs of LSD, including skin nodular lesions. The morbidity, mortality, and case fatality rates for cattle were 9.08%, 1.84%, and 20.24%, respectively. Similarly, the morbidity, mortality, and case fatality rates in yak were 7.57%, 1.24%, and 16.33%, respectively. The virus isolation and amplification of LSDV-specific genes confirmed the presence of LSDV in cattle, yak, and vectors. Further, demonstrated antibodies in randomly collected sera from naïve and unvaccinated cattle and yak using indirect Enzyme Linked Immuno-sorbent Assay (iELISA) and Serum Neutralisation test (SNT) from this region. Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of <i>P32</i>, <i>GPCR</i>, and <i>RPO30</i> genes revealed that the virus isolated from both species was 100% identical to each other and also closely related to the field LSDV isolates circulating in the Indian subcontinent. The study highlighted the emergence of LSDV in unconventional hosts and underscored the need to include other bovine species in national disease control programs, encompassing disease surveillance initiatives.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/11/12/2823cattleIndialumpy skin disease virusphylogenetic analysisspilloveryak |
| spellingShingle | Gundallahalli Bayyappa Manjunatha Reddy Sai Mounica Pabbineedi Sudeep Nagaraj Shraddha Bijalwan Sunil Tadakod Zeruiah Bhutia Diki Palmu Seema Rai Pempa Doma Bhutia Pem Tshering Bhutia Emila Shenga Baldev Raj Gulati Lumpy Skin Disease (LSD) in Yak (<i>Bos grunniens</i>): An Evidence of Species Spillover from Cattle in India Microorganisms cattle India lumpy skin disease virus phylogenetic analysis spillover yak |
| title | Lumpy Skin Disease (LSD) in Yak (<i>Bos grunniens</i>): An Evidence of Species Spillover from Cattle in India |
| title_full | Lumpy Skin Disease (LSD) in Yak (<i>Bos grunniens</i>): An Evidence of Species Spillover from Cattle in India |
| title_fullStr | Lumpy Skin Disease (LSD) in Yak (<i>Bos grunniens</i>): An Evidence of Species Spillover from Cattle in India |
| title_full_unstemmed | Lumpy Skin Disease (LSD) in Yak (<i>Bos grunniens</i>): An Evidence of Species Spillover from Cattle in India |
| title_short | Lumpy Skin Disease (LSD) in Yak (<i>Bos grunniens</i>): An Evidence of Species Spillover from Cattle in India |
| title_sort | lumpy skin disease lsd in yak i bos grunniens i an evidence of species spillover from cattle in india |
| topic | cattle India lumpy skin disease virus phylogenetic analysis spillover yak |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/11/12/2823 |
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