Evaluation of Glottal Inverse Filtering Techniques on OPENGLOT Synthetic Male and Female Vowels
Current articulatory-based three-dimensional source–filter models, which allow the production of vowels and diphtongs, still present very limited expressiveness. Glottal inverse filtering (GIF) techniques can become instrumental to identify specific characteristics of both the glottal source signal...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-07-01
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| Series: | Applied Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/13/15/8775 |
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| author | Marc Freixes Luis Joglar-Ongay Joan Claudi Socoró Francesc Alías-Pujol |
| author_facet | Marc Freixes Luis Joglar-Ongay Joan Claudi Socoró Francesc Alías-Pujol |
| author_sort | Marc Freixes |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Current articulatory-based three-dimensional source–filter models, which allow the production of vowels and diphtongs, still present very limited expressiveness. Glottal inverse filtering (GIF) techniques can become instrumental to identify specific characteristics of both the glottal source signal and the vocal tract transfer function to resemble expressive speech. Several GIF methods have been proposed in the literature; however, their comparison becomes difficult due to the lack of common and exhaustive experimental settings. In this work, first, a two-phase analysis methodology for the comparison of GIF techniques based on a reference dataset is introduced. Next, state-of-the-art GIF techniques based on iterative adaptive inverse filtering (IAIF) and quasi closed phase (QCP) approaches are thoroughly evaluated on OPENGLOT, an open database specifically designed to evaluate GIF, computing well-established GIF error measures after extending male vowels with their female counterparts. The results show that GIF methods obtain better results on male vowels. The QCP-based techniques significantly outperform IAIF-based methods for almost all error metrics and scenarios and are, at the same time, more stable across sex, phonation type, F0, and vowels. The IAIF variants improve the original technique for most error metrics on male vowels, while QCP with spectral tilt compensation achieves a lower spectral tilt error for male vowels than the original QCP. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T00:31:29Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-9403ebdb50734b02900cbd610a36257c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3417 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T00:31:29Z |
| publishDate | 2023-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Applied Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-9403ebdb50734b02900cbd610a36257c2023-11-18T22:37:25ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172023-07-011315877510.3390/app13158775Evaluation of Glottal Inverse Filtering Techniques on OPENGLOT Synthetic Male and Female VowelsMarc Freixes0Luis Joglar-Ongay1Joan Claudi Socoró2Francesc Alías-Pujol3Human-Environment Research (HER), La Salle—Universitat Ramon Llull, Sant Joan de la Salle, 42, 08022 Barcelona, SpainHuman-Environment Research (HER), La Salle—Universitat Ramon Llull, Sant Joan de la Salle, 42, 08022 Barcelona, SpainHuman-Environment Research (HER), La Salle—Universitat Ramon Llull, Sant Joan de la Salle, 42, 08022 Barcelona, SpainHuman-Environment Research (HER), La Salle—Universitat Ramon Llull, Sant Joan de la Salle, 42, 08022 Barcelona, SpainCurrent articulatory-based three-dimensional source–filter models, which allow the production of vowels and diphtongs, still present very limited expressiveness. Glottal inverse filtering (GIF) techniques can become instrumental to identify specific characteristics of both the glottal source signal and the vocal tract transfer function to resemble expressive speech. Several GIF methods have been proposed in the literature; however, their comparison becomes difficult due to the lack of common and exhaustive experimental settings. In this work, first, a two-phase analysis methodology for the comparison of GIF techniques based on a reference dataset is introduced. Next, state-of-the-art GIF techniques based on iterative adaptive inverse filtering (IAIF) and quasi closed phase (QCP) approaches are thoroughly evaluated on OPENGLOT, an open database specifically designed to evaluate GIF, computing well-established GIF error measures after extending male vowels with their female counterparts. The results show that GIF methods obtain better results on male vowels. The QCP-based techniques significantly outperform IAIF-based methods for almost all error metrics and scenarios and are, at the same time, more stable across sex, phonation type, F0, and vowels. The IAIF variants improve the original technique for most error metrics on male vowels, while QCP with spectral tilt compensation achieves a lower spectral tilt error for male vowels than the original QCP.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/13/15/8775performance evaluationglottal inverse filteringglottal sourcephonation typesspeech analysisOPENGLOT |
| spellingShingle | Marc Freixes Luis Joglar-Ongay Joan Claudi Socoró Francesc Alías-Pujol Evaluation of Glottal Inverse Filtering Techniques on OPENGLOT Synthetic Male and Female Vowels Applied Sciences performance evaluation glottal inverse filtering glottal source phonation types speech analysis OPENGLOT |
| title | Evaluation of Glottal Inverse Filtering Techniques on OPENGLOT Synthetic Male and Female Vowels |
| title_full | Evaluation of Glottal Inverse Filtering Techniques on OPENGLOT Synthetic Male and Female Vowels |
| title_fullStr | Evaluation of Glottal Inverse Filtering Techniques on OPENGLOT Synthetic Male and Female Vowels |
| title_full_unstemmed | Evaluation of Glottal Inverse Filtering Techniques on OPENGLOT Synthetic Male and Female Vowels |
| title_short | Evaluation of Glottal Inverse Filtering Techniques on OPENGLOT Synthetic Male and Female Vowels |
| title_sort | evaluation of glottal inverse filtering techniques on openglot synthetic male and female vowels |
| topic | performance evaluation glottal inverse filtering glottal source phonation types speech analysis OPENGLOT |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/13/15/8775 |
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