Depressive symptoms among Chinese residents: how are the natural, built, and social environments correlated?
Abstract Background Depression has become a severe societal problem in China. Although many studies have analyzed how environmental characteristics within neighborhoods affect depression, only a few have dealt with developing countries, and even fewer have considered built, natural, and social envir...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2019-07-01
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| Series: | BMC Public Health |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12889-019-7171-9 |
| _version_ | 1818352693751578624 |
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| author | Ruoyu Wang Ye Liu Desheng Xue Marco Helbich |
| author_facet | Ruoyu Wang Ye Liu Desheng Xue Marco Helbich |
| author_sort | Ruoyu Wang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Depression has become a severe societal problem in China. Although many studies have analyzed how environmental characteristics within neighborhoods affect depression, only a few have dealt with developing countries, and even fewer have considered built, natural, and social environments concurrently. Methods Based on a sample of 20,533 Chinese residents assessed in 2016, the present study examined associations between depressive symptoms and respondents’ built, natural, and social environments. Depressive symptoms were measured using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), and multilevel regression models were fitted accounting for potential covariates. Results Results indicated that living in neighborhoods with more green spaces and a higher population density were negatively associated with CES-D scores. Living in neighborhoods with more social capital was protective against depression. Furthermore, results showed that the social environment moderated the association between the built environment and depression. Conclusions Social environments moderate the relationship between the built environment and depression. As environments seem to interact with each other, we advise against relying on a single environment when examining associations with depressive symptoms. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-13T18:57:42Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-940701fdac8449189a20df3431a70d81 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1471-2458 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-13T18:57:42Z |
| publishDate | 2019-07-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Public Health |
| spelling | doaj.art-940701fdac8449189a20df3431a70d812022-12-21T23:34:45ZengBMCBMC Public Health1471-24582019-07-011911810.1186/s12889-019-7171-9Depressive symptoms among Chinese residents: how are the natural, built, and social environments correlated?Ruoyu Wang0Ye Liu1Desheng Xue2Marco Helbich3School of Geography and Planning, Sun Yat-Sen UniversitySchool of Geography and Planning, Sun Yat-Sen UniversitySchool of Geography and Planning, Sun Yat-Sen UniversityDepartment of Human Geography and Spatial Planning, Utrecht UniversityAbstract Background Depression has become a severe societal problem in China. Although many studies have analyzed how environmental characteristics within neighborhoods affect depression, only a few have dealt with developing countries, and even fewer have considered built, natural, and social environments concurrently. Methods Based on a sample of 20,533 Chinese residents assessed in 2016, the present study examined associations between depressive symptoms and respondents’ built, natural, and social environments. Depressive symptoms were measured using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), and multilevel regression models were fitted accounting for potential covariates. Results Results indicated that living in neighborhoods with more green spaces and a higher population density were negatively associated with CES-D scores. Living in neighborhoods with more social capital was protective against depression. Furthermore, results showed that the social environment moderated the association between the built environment and depression. Conclusions Social environments moderate the relationship between the built environment and depression. As environments seem to interact with each other, we advise against relying on a single environment when examining associations with depressive symptoms.http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12889-019-7171-9DepressionBuilt, natural, and social environmentsModerating effectChina |
| spellingShingle | Ruoyu Wang Ye Liu Desheng Xue Marco Helbich Depressive symptoms among Chinese residents: how are the natural, built, and social environments correlated? BMC Public Health Depression Built, natural, and social environments Moderating effect China |
| title | Depressive symptoms among Chinese residents: how are the natural, built, and social environments correlated? |
| title_full | Depressive symptoms among Chinese residents: how are the natural, built, and social environments correlated? |
| title_fullStr | Depressive symptoms among Chinese residents: how are the natural, built, and social environments correlated? |
| title_full_unstemmed | Depressive symptoms among Chinese residents: how are the natural, built, and social environments correlated? |
| title_short | Depressive symptoms among Chinese residents: how are the natural, built, and social environments correlated? |
| title_sort | depressive symptoms among chinese residents how are the natural built and social environments correlated |
| topic | Depression Built, natural, and social environments Moderating effect China |
| url | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12889-019-7171-9 |
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