Molecular prevalence and genetic diversity of Toxoplasma gondii in free range chicken in Northeastern Libya
Background: Toxoplasma gondii is one of the zoonotic protozoa parasites. It can prevalently infect humans and warm-blooded animals, causing human health problems and substantial economic losses to the livestock industry worldwide. Chicken is one of the potential sources of toxoplasmosis, but there i...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Tripoli University
2023-04-01
|
| Series: | Open Veterinary Journal |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.ejmanager.com/fulltextpdf.php?mno=133000 |
| _version_ | 1797854942769184768 |
|---|---|
| author | Hana A. Ali Awad Teguh Wahju Sardjono Loeki Enggar Fitri Aulanni'am Aulanni'am Monier A. Mohamed Sharif |
| author_facet | Hana A. Ali Awad Teguh Wahju Sardjono Loeki Enggar Fitri Aulanni'am Aulanni'am Monier A. Mohamed Sharif |
| author_sort | Hana A. Ali Awad |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: Toxoplasma gondii is one of the zoonotic protozoa parasites. It can prevalently infect humans and warm-blooded animals, causing human health problems and substantial economic losses to the livestock industry worldwide. Chicken is one of the potential sources of toxoplasmosis, but there is no report of the prevalence of toxoplasmosis and their genotypes in free-range chickens in Libya.
Aim: The current study aims to conduct a survey of molecular prevalence and identify the Toxoplasma gondii genotype in free-range chickens and its association with the risk factors of age, gender, and region in Northeastern Libya.
Methods: This study was conducted by examining a total of 315 free-range chicken organs (brain and heart) derived from three administrative districts in Northeastern Libya. The molecular prevalence was determined by PCR technique using B1 gene amplification and the Toxoplasma gondii genotype was determined by nested PCR-RFLP of GRA6 gene amplicon with restriction enzymes (MseI).
Results: The overall molecular prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in free-range chicken in all three districts was 9.5% (30/315), and the highest (15.4%) was in the Al-Marj district (p =0.01; ?2 =9.238). The highest prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii by age was in chickens aged more than two years (p = 0.001; ?2 = 15.530). The difference in Toxoplasma gondii prevalence in male and female chickens was not significant (p = 0.372; ?2 = 0.798). The predominant genotype I (93.3%) had identified at position 544 bp and 194 bp at the GRA6 marker, and only two positives were from genotype II (6.7%) at 700 bp and 100 bp fragment.
Conclusion: The molecular prevalence of toxoplasmosis in free-range chicken in three districts in Northeastern Libya was 9.5%, and the highest rate was shown in the Al Marj district. Chicken by age more than two years had more risk to transmit toxoplasmosis in human. There was no different infection risk by consuming male or female free-range chicken. It is the first report to determine the predominant genotype, which was genotype I. [Open Vet J 2023; 13(2.000): 225-232] |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-09T20:15:32Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-9409dc2aaf1546f29cdad8bb38c59bc7 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2226-4485 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-09T20:15:32Z |
| publishDate | 2023-04-01 |
| publisher | Tripoli University |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Open Veterinary Journal |
| spelling | doaj.art-9409dc2aaf1546f29cdad8bb38c59bc72023-03-31T10:17:36ZengTripoli UniversityOpen Veterinary Journal2226-44852023-04-0113222523210.5455/OVJ.2023.v13.i2.11133000Molecular prevalence and genetic diversity of Toxoplasma gondii in free range chicken in Northeastern LibyaHana A. Ali Awad0Teguh Wahju Sardjono1Loeki Enggar Fitri2Aulanni'am Aulanni'am3Monier A. Mohamed Sharif4Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Omer Al-Mukhtar University, Libya Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Jalan Veteran Malang, East Java, 65145, Indonesia Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Jalan Veteran Malang, East Java, 65145, Indonesia Department Chemistry, Biochemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, Universitas Brawijaya, Jalan Veteran Malang, East Java, 65145, Indonesia. Department of Pathology and Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Omer Al-Mukhtar University, LibyaBackground: Toxoplasma gondii is one of the zoonotic protozoa parasites. It can prevalently infect humans and warm-blooded animals, causing human health problems and substantial economic losses to the livestock industry worldwide. Chicken is one of the potential sources of toxoplasmosis, but there is no report of the prevalence of toxoplasmosis and their genotypes in free-range chickens in Libya. Aim: The current study aims to conduct a survey of molecular prevalence and identify the Toxoplasma gondii genotype in free-range chickens and its association with the risk factors of age, gender, and region in Northeastern Libya. Methods: This study was conducted by examining a total of 315 free-range chicken organs (brain and heart) derived from three administrative districts in Northeastern Libya. The molecular prevalence was determined by PCR technique using B1 gene amplification and the Toxoplasma gondii genotype was determined by nested PCR-RFLP of GRA6 gene amplicon with restriction enzymes (MseI). Results: The overall molecular prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in free-range chicken in all three districts was 9.5% (30/315), and the highest (15.4%) was in the Al-Marj district (p =0.01; ?2 =9.238). The highest prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii by age was in chickens aged more than two years (p = 0.001; ?2 = 15.530). The difference in Toxoplasma gondii prevalence in male and female chickens was not significant (p = 0.372; ?2 = 0.798). The predominant genotype I (93.3%) had identified at position 544 bp and 194 bp at the GRA6 marker, and only two positives were from genotype II (6.7%) at 700 bp and 100 bp fragment. Conclusion: The molecular prevalence of toxoplasmosis in free-range chicken in three districts in Northeastern Libya was 9.5%, and the highest rate was shown in the Al Marj district. Chicken by age more than two years had more risk to transmit toxoplasmosis in human. There was no different infection risk by consuming male or female free-range chicken. It is the first report to determine the predominant genotype, which was genotype I. [Open Vet J 2023; 13(2.000): 225-232]http://www.ejmanager.com/fulltextpdf.php?mno=133000b1 genegra6 genegenotypingfree-range chickentoxoplasma gondii |
| spellingShingle | Hana A. Ali Awad Teguh Wahju Sardjono Loeki Enggar Fitri Aulanni'am Aulanni'am Monier A. Mohamed Sharif Molecular prevalence and genetic diversity of Toxoplasma gondii in free range chicken in Northeastern Libya Open Veterinary Journal b1 gene gra6 gene genotyping free-range chicken toxoplasma gondii |
| title | Molecular prevalence and genetic diversity of Toxoplasma gondii in free range chicken in Northeastern Libya |
| title_full | Molecular prevalence and genetic diversity of Toxoplasma gondii in free range chicken in Northeastern Libya |
| title_fullStr | Molecular prevalence and genetic diversity of Toxoplasma gondii in free range chicken in Northeastern Libya |
| title_full_unstemmed | Molecular prevalence and genetic diversity of Toxoplasma gondii in free range chicken in Northeastern Libya |
| title_short | Molecular prevalence and genetic diversity of Toxoplasma gondii in free range chicken in Northeastern Libya |
| title_sort | molecular prevalence and genetic diversity of toxoplasma gondii in free range chicken in northeastern libya |
| topic | b1 gene gra6 gene genotyping free-range chicken toxoplasma gondii |
| url | http://www.ejmanager.com/fulltextpdf.php?mno=133000 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT hanaaaliawad molecularprevalenceandgeneticdiversityoftoxoplasmagondiiinfreerangechickeninnortheasternlibya AT teguhwahjusardjono molecularprevalenceandgeneticdiversityoftoxoplasmagondiiinfreerangechickeninnortheasternlibya AT loekienggarfitri molecularprevalenceandgeneticdiversityoftoxoplasmagondiiinfreerangechickeninnortheasternlibya AT aulanniaposamaulanniaposam molecularprevalenceandgeneticdiversityoftoxoplasmagondiiinfreerangechickeninnortheasternlibya AT monieramohamedsharif molecularprevalenceandgeneticdiversityoftoxoplasmagondiiinfreerangechickeninnortheasternlibya |