Electric Vehicles Charging Management System for Optimal Exploitation of Photovoltaic Energy Sources Considering Vehicle-to-Vehicle Mode
The growing penetration of distributed renewable energy sources (RES) together with the increasing number of new electric vehicle (EV) model registrations is playing a significant role in zero-carbon energy communities’ development. However, the ever-larger share of intermittent renewable power plan...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021-11-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Energy Research |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fenrg.2021.716389/full |
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| author | Francesco Lo Franco Riccardo Mandrioli Mattia Ricco Vítor Monteiro Luís F. C. Monteiro João L. Afonso Gabriele Grandi |
| author_facet | Francesco Lo Franco Riccardo Mandrioli Mattia Ricco Vítor Monteiro Luís F. C. Monteiro João L. Afonso Gabriele Grandi |
| author_sort | Francesco Lo Franco |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The growing penetration of distributed renewable energy sources (RES) together with the increasing number of new electric vehicle (EV) model registrations is playing a significant role in zero-carbon energy communities’ development. However, the ever-larger share of intermittent renewable power plants, combined with the high and uncontrolled aggregate EV charging demand, requires an evolution toward new planning and management paradigms of energy districts. Thus, in this context, this paper proposes novel smart charging (SC) techniques that aim to integrate as much as possible RES generation and EV charging demand at the local level, synergically acting on power flows and avoiding detrimental effects on the electrical power system. To make this possible, a centralized charging management system (CMS) capable of individually modulating each charging power of plugged EVs is presented in this paper. The CMS aims to maximize the charging self-consumption from local RES, flattening the peak power required to the external grid. Moreover, the CMS guarantees an overall good state of charge (SOC) at departure time for all the vehicles without requiring additional energy from the grid even under low RES power availability conditions. Two methods that differ as a function of the EV power flow direction are proposed. The first SC only involves unidirectional power flow, while the second one also considers bidirectional power flow among vehicles, operating in vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) mode. Finally, simulations, which are presented considering an actual case study, validate the SC effects on a reference scenario consisting of an industrial area having a photovoltaic (PV) plant, non-modulable electrical loads, and EV charging stations (CS). Results are collected and performance improvements by operating the different SC methods are compared and described in detail in this paper. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-20T06:05:03Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-940e6232cbdf445b8259f2d22a86a57b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-598X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-20T06:05:03Z |
| publishDate | 2021-11-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Energy Research |
| spelling | doaj.art-940e6232cbdf445b8259f2d22a86a57b2022-12-21T19:50:50ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Energy Research2296-598X2021-11-01910.3389/fenrg.2021.716389716389Electric Vehicles Charging Management System for Optimal Exploitation of Photovoltaic Energy Sources Considering Vehicle-to-Vehicle ModeFrancesco Lo Franco0Riccardo Mandrioli1Mattia Ricco2Vítor Monteiro3Luís F. C. Monteiro4João L. Afonso5Gabriele Grandi6Department of Electrical, Electronic, and Information Engineering, University of Bologna, Bologna, ItalyDepartment of Electrical, Electronic, and Information Engineering, University of Bologna, Bologna, ItalyDepartment of Electrical, Electronic, and Information Engineering, University of Bologna, Bologna, ItalyDepartment of Industrial Electronics, Centro ALGORITMI, University of Minho, Guimarães, PortugalDepartment of Electronics and Telecommunications, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, BrazilDepartment of Industrial Electronics, Centro ALGORITMI, University of Minho, Guimarães, PortugalDepartment of Electrical, Electronic, and Information Engineering, University of Bologna, Bologna, ItalyThe growing penetration of distributed renewable energy sources (RES) together with the increasing number of new electric vehicle (EV) model registrations is playing a significant role in zero-carbon energy communities’ development. However, the ever-larger share of intermittent renewable power plants, combined with the high and uncontrolled aggregate EV charging demand, requires an evolution toward new planning and management paradigms of energy districts. Thus, in this context, this paper proposes novel smart charging (SC) techniques that aim to integrate as much as possible RES generation and EV charging demand at the local level, synergically acting on power flows and avoiding detrimental effects on the electrical power system. To make this possible, a centralized charging management system (CMS) capable of individually modulating each charging power of plugged EVs is presented in this paper. The CMS aims to maximize the charging self-consumption from local RES, flattening the peak power required to the external grid. Moreover, the CMS guarantees an overall good state of charge (SOC) at departure time for all the vehicles without requiring additional energy from the grid even under low RES power availability conditions. Two methods that differ as a function of the EV power flow direction are proposed. The first SC only involves unidirectional power flow, while the second one also considers bidirectional power flow among vehicles, operating in vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) mode. Finally, simulations, which are presented considering an actual case study, validate the SC effects on a reference scenario consisting of an industrial area having a photovoltaic (PV) plant, non-modulable electrical loads, and EV charging stations (CS). Results are collected and performance improvements by operating the different SC methods are compared and described in detail in this paper.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fenrg.2021.716389/fullelectric vehiclessmart chargingvehicle-to-vehicle (V2V)renewable energy source (RES)state of charge (SOC)photovoltaic (PV) |
| spellingShingle | Francesco Lo Franco Riccardo Mandrioli Mattia Ricco Vítor Monteiro Luís F. C. Monteiro João L. Afonso Gabriele Grandi Electric Vehicles Charging Management System for Optimal Exploitation of Photovoltaic Energy Sources Considering Vehicle-to-Vehicle Mode Frontiers in Energy Research electric vehicles smart charging vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) renewable energy source (RES) state of charge (SOC) photovoltaic (PV) |
| title | Electric Vehicles Charging Management System for Optimal Exploitation of Photovoltaic Energy Sources Considering Vehicle-to-Vehicle Mode |
| title_full | Electric Vehicles Charging Management System for Optimal Exploitation of Photovoltaic Energy Sources Considering Vehicle-to-Vehicle Mode |
| title_fullStr | Electric Vehicles Charging Management System for Optimal Exploitation of Photovoltaic Energy Sources Considering Vehicle-to-Vehicle Mode |
| title_full_unstemmed | Electric Vehicles Charging Management System for Optimal Exploitation of Photovoltaic Energy Sources Considering Vehicle-to-Vehicle Mode |
| title_short | Electric Vehicles Charging Management System for Optimal Exploitation of Photovoltaic Energy Sources Considering Vehicle-to-Vehicle Mode |
| title_sort | electric vehicles charging management system for optimal exploitation of photovoltaic energy sources considering vehicle to vehicle mode |
| topic | electric vehicles smart charging vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) renewable energy source (RES) state of charge (SOC) photovoltaic (PV) |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fenrg.2021.716389/full |
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