Melanin Induction Restores the Pathogenicity of <i>Gaeumannomyces graminis</i> var. <i>tritici</i> in Wheat Plants
One of the most challenging aspects of long-term research based on microorganisms is the maintenance of isolates under ex situ conditions, particularly the conservation of phytopathological characteristics. Our research group has worked for more than 10 years with <i>Gaumannomyces graminis<...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2023-03-01
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| Series: | Journal of Fungi |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/9/3/350 |
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| author | Camila Aranda Isabel Méndez Patricio Javier Barra Luis Hernández-Montiel Ana Fallard Gonzalo Tortella Evelyn Briones Paola Durán |
| author_facet | Camila Aranda Isabel Méndez Patricio Javier Barra Luis Hernández-Montiel Ana Fallard Gonzalo Tortella Evelyn Briones Paola Durán |
| author_sort | Camila Aranda |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | One of the most challenging aspects of long-term research based on microorganisms is the maintenance of isolates under ex situ conditions, particularly the conservation of phytopathological characteristics. Our research group has worked for more than 10 years with <i>Gaumannomyces graminis</i> var. <i>tritici</i> (Ggt), the main biotic factor affecting wheat. In this sense we preserved the microorganisms in oil overlaid. However, several strains preserved for a long time lost their pathogenicity. These strains show white and non-infective mycelia. In this sense, we hypothesized that this is attributable to low melanin content. Melanin is a natural pigment mainly involved in UV protection, desiccation, salinity, oxidation, and fungal pathogenicity. Therefore, understanding the melanin role on Ggt pathogenicity is fundamental to developing melanin activation strategies under laboratory studies. In this study, we induce melanin activation by UV-A light chamber, 320 to 400 nm (T1) and temperature changes of 30 °C, 15 °C, and 20 °C (T2). Fungal pathogenicity was evaluated by determination of blackening roots and Ggt was quantified by real-time PCR in inoculated wheat plants. Results revealed that Ggt grown under UV-A (T1) conditions showed around 40% higher melanin level with a concomitant effect on root infection (98% of blackened roots) and 4-fold more Ggt genome copy number compared with the control (non-infective mycelia) being T1, a more inductor factor compared with T2. These findings would support the role of melanin in pathogenicity in darkly pigmented fungi such as Ggt and could serve as a basis for activating pathogenicity under laboratory conditions. |
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| issn | 2309-608X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T06:20:18Z |
| publishDate | 2023-03-01 |
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| series | Journal of Fungi |
| spelling | doaj.art-94185ab4f09c4092a98627b93f929dca2023-11-17T12:00:20ZengMDPI AGJournal of Fungi2309-608X2023-03-019335010.3390/jof9030350Melanin Induction Restores the Pathogenicity of <i>Gaeumannomyces graminis</i> var. <i>tritici</i> in Wheat PlantsCamila Aranda0Isabel Méndez1Patricio Javier Barra2Luis Hernández-Montiel3Ana Fallard4Gonzalo Tortella5Evelyn Briones6Paola Durán7Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, ChilePrograma de Doctorado en Ciencias de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, ChileBiocontrol Research Laboratory, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, ChileNanotechnology and Microbial Biocontrol Group, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, Av. Politécnico Nacional 195, Col. Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, La Paz 23090, MexicoBiocontrol Research Laboratory, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, ChileScientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, ChileBiocontrol Research Laboratory, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, ChileBiocontrol Research Laboratory, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, ChileOne of the most challenging aspects of long-term research based on microorganisms is the maintenance of isolates under ex situ conditions, particularly the conservation of phytopathological characteristics. Our research group has worked for more than 10 years with <i>Gaumannomyces graminis</i> var. <i>tritici</i> (Ggt), the main biotic factor affecting wheat. In this sense we preserved the microorganisms in oil overlaid. However, several strains preserved for a long time lost their pathogenicity. These strains show white and non-infective mycelia. In this sense, we hypothesized that this is attributable to low melanin content. Melanin is a natural pigment mainly involved in UV protection, desiccation, salinity, oxidation, and fungal pathogenicity. Therefore, understanding the melanin role on Ggt pathogenicity is fundamental to developing melanin activation strategies under laboratory studies. In this study, we induce melanin activation by UV-A light chamber, 320 to 400 nm (T1) and temperature changes of 30 °C, 15 °C, and 20 °C (T2). Fungal pathogenicity was evaluated by determination of blackening roots and Ggt was quantified by real-time PCR in inoculated wheat plants. Results revealed that Ggt grown under UV-A (T1) conditions showed around 40% higher melanin level with a concomitant effect on root infection (98% of blackened roots) and 4-fold more Ggt genome copy number compared with the control (non-infective mycelia) being T1, a more inductor factor compared with T2. These findings would support the role of melanin in pathogenicity in darkly pigmented fungi such as Ggt and could serve as a basis for activating pathogenicity under laboratory conditions.https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/9/3/350take-all diseasemelaninUVvis spectrum |
| spellingShingle | Camila Aranda Isabel Méndez Patricio Javier Barra Luis Hernández-Montiel Ana Fallard Gonzalo Tortella Evelyn Briones Paola Durán Melanin Induction Restores the Pathogenicity of <i>Gaeumannomyces graminis</i> var. <i>tritici</i> in Wheat Plants Journal of Fungi take-all disease melanin UV vis spectrum |
| title | Melanin Induction Restores the Pathogenicity of <i>Gaeumannomyces graminis</i> var. <i>tritici</i> in Wheat Plants |
| title_full | Melanin Induction Restores the Pathogenicity of <i>Gaeumannomyces graminis</i> var. <i>tritici</i> in Wheat Plants |
| title_fullStr | Melanin Induction Restores the Pathogenicity of <i>Gaeumannomyces graminis</i> var. <i>tritici</i> in Wheat Plants |
| title_full_unstemmed | Melanin Induction Restores the Pathogenicity of <i>Gaeumannomyces graminis</i> var. <i>tritici</i> in Wheat Plants |
| title_short | Melanin Induction Restores the Pathogenicity of <i>Gaeumannomyces graminis</i> var. <i>tritici</i> in Wheat Plants |
| title_sort | melanin induction restores the pathogenicity of i gaeumannomyces graminis i var i tritici i in wheat plants |
| topic | take-all disease melanin UV vis spectrum |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/9/3/350 |
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