Discrimination of Clinozoisite–Epidote Series by Raman Spectroscopy: An application to Bengal Fan Turbidites (IODP Expedition 354)
Epidote group minerals are one of the three most abundant kinds of heavy minerals in orogenic sediments, the other two being amphibole and garnet. They resist diagenesis better than amphibole and resist weathering in soils better than garnet. Their chemical composition and optical properties vary ma...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-12-01
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| Series: | Geosciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3263/12/12/442 |
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| author | Mara Limonta Sergio Andò Danilo Bersani Eduardo Garzanti |
| author_facet | Mara Limonta Sergio Andò Danilo Bersani Eduardo Garzanti |
| author_sort | Mara Limonta |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Epidote group minerals are one of the three most abundant kinds of heavy minerals in orogenic sediments, the other two being amphibole and garnet. They resist diagenesis better than amphibole and resist weathering in soils better than garnet. Their chemical composition and optical properties vary markedly and systematically with temperature and pressure conditions during growth. Useful information on the metamorphic grade of source rocks can thus be obtained by provenance analysis. In this study, we combine optical, SEM–EDS, and Raman analyses of nine standard crystals of epidote group minerals collected from different rock units exposed in the European Alps and Apennines and develop a Raman library for efficient discrimination of epidote, clinozoisite, zoisite, and allanite by establishing clear user-oriented relationships among optical properties, chemical composition, and Raman fingerprint. This new library allows us to distinguish and reliably determine, directly from their Raman spectrum, the chemical compositions of epidote group minerals during routine heavy mineral analyses of sand/sandstone and silt/siltstone samples down to the size of a few microns. The validity of the approach is illustrated by its application to 41 Bengal Fan turbidites collected from five cores during IODP Expedition 354 and ranging in grain size from medium sand to fine silt. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T16:26:44Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-94200987cd214778a74be6becbc9aa89 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3263 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T16:26:44Z |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
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| record_format | Article |
| series | Geosciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-94200987cd214778a74be6becbc9aa892023-11-24T15:07:09ZengMDPI AGGeosciences2076-32632022-12-01121244210.3390/geosciences12120442Discrimination of Clinozoisite–Epidote Series by Raman Spectroscopy: An application to Bengal Fan Turbidites (IODP Expedition 354)Mara Limonta0Sergio Andò1Danilo Bersani2Eduardo Garzanti3Laboratory for Provenance Studies, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, ItalyLaboratory for Provenance Studies, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, ItalyDepartment of Mathematical, Physical and Computer Sciences, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, ItalyLaboratory for Provenance Studies, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, ItalyEpidote group minerals are one of the three most abundant kinds of heavy minerals in orogenic sediments, the other two being amphibole and garnet. They resist diagenesis better than amphibole and resist weathering in soils better than garnet. Their chemical composition and optical properties vary markedly and systematically with temperature and pressure conditions during growth. Useful information on the metamorphic grade of source rocks can thus be obtained by provenance analysis. In this study, we combine optical, SEM–EDS, and Raman analyses of nine standard crystals of epidote group minerals collected from different rock units exposed in the European Alps and Apennines and develop a Raman library for efficient discrimination of epidote, clinozoisite, zoisite, and allanite by establishing clear user-oriented relationships among optical properties, chemical composition, and Raman fingerprint. This new library allows us to distinguish and reliably determine, directly from their Raman spectrum, the chemical compositions of epidote group minerals during routine heavy mineral analyses of sand/sandstone and silt/siltstone samples down to the size of a few microns. The validity of the approach is illustrated by its application to 41 Bengal Fan turbidites collected from five cores during IODP Expedition 354 and ranging in grain size from medium sand to fine silt.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3263/12/12/442provenance analysisRaman spectroscopyheavy mineralszoisiteallaniteHimalayan orogen |
| spellingShingle | Mara Limonta Sergio Andò Danilo Bersani Eduardo Garzanti Discrimination of Clinozoisite–Epidote Series by Raman Spectroscopy: An application to Bengal Fan Turbidites (IODP Expedition 354) Geosciences provenance analysis Raman spectroscopy heavy minerals zoisite allanite Himalayan orogen |
| title | Discrimination of Clinozoisite–Epidote Series by Raman Spectroscopy: An application to Bengal Fan Turbidites (IODP Expedition 354) |
| title_full | Discrimination of Clinozoisite–Epidote Series by Raman Spectroscopy: An application to Bengal Fan Turbidites (IODP Expedition 354) |
| title_fullStr | Discrimination of Clinozoisite–Epidote Series by Raman Spectroscopy: An application to Bengal Fan Turbidites (IODP Expedition 354) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Discrimination of Clinozoisite–Epidote Series by Raman Spectroscopy: An application to Bengal Fan Turbidites (IODP Expedition 354) |
| title_short | Discrimination of Clinozoisite–Epidote Series by Raman Spectroscopy: An application to Bengal Fan Turbidites (IODP Expedition 354) |
| title_sort | discrimination of clinozoisite epidote series by raman spectroscopy an application to bengal fan turbidites iodp expedition 354 |
| topic | provenance analysis Raman spectroscopy heavy minerals zoisite allanite Himalayan orogen |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3263/12/12/442 |
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