Development of a Canine Rigid Body Musculoskeletal Computer Model to Evaluate Gait
BackgroundKinematic and kinetic analysis have been used to gain an understanding of canine movement and joint loading during gait. By non-invasively predicting muscle activation patterns and forces during gait, musculoskeletal models can further our understanding of normal variability and muscle act...
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| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2020-03-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fbioe.2020.00150/full |
| _version_ | 1818557122753855488 |
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| author | Nathan P. Brown Gina E. Bertocci Gregory J. R. States Gwendolyn J. Levine Jonathan M. Levine Dena R. Howland Dena R. Howland Dena R. Howland |
| author_facet | Nathan P. Brown Gina E. Bertocci Gregory J. R. States Gwendolyn J. Levine Jonathan M. Levine Dena R. Howland Dena R. Howland Dena R. Howland |
| author_sort | Nathan P. Brown |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | BackgroundKinematic and kinetic analysis have been used to gain an understanding of canine movement and joint loading during gait. By non-invasively predicting muscle activation patterns and forces during gait, musculoskeletal models can further our understanding of normal variability and muscle activation patterns and force profiles characteristic of gait.MethodsPelvic limb kinematics and kinetics were measured for a 2 year old healthy female Dachshund (5.4 kg) during gait using 3-D motion capture and force platforms. A computed tomography scan was conducted to acquire pelvis and pelvic limb morphology. Using the OpenSim modeling platform, a bilateral pelvic limb subject-specific rigid body musculoskeletal computer model was developed. This model predicted muscle activation patterns, muscle forces, and angular kinematics and joint moments during walking.ResultsGait kinematics determined from motion capture matched those predicted by the model, verifying model accuracy. Primary muscles involved in generating joint moments during stance and swing were predicted by the model: at mid-stance the adductor magnus et brevis (peak activation 53.2%, peak force 64.7 N) extended the hip, and stifle flexor muscles (biceps femoris tibial and calcaneal portions) flexed the stifle. Countering vertical ground reaction forces, the iliopsoas (peak activation 37.9%, peak force 68.7 N) stabilized the hip in mid-stance, while the biceps femoris patellar portion stabilized the stifle in mid-stance and the plantar flexors (gastrocnemius and flexor digitorum muscles) stabilized the tarsal joint during early stance. Transitioning to swing, the iliopsoas, rectus femoris and tensor fascia lata flexed the hip, while in late swing the adductor magnus et brevis impeded further flexion as biceps femoris tibial and calcaneal portions stabilized the stifle for ground contact.ConclusionThe musculoskeletal computer model accurately replicated experimental canine angular kinematics associated with gait and was used to predict muscle activation patterns and forces. Thus, musculoskeletal modeling allows for quantification of measures such as muscle forces that are difficult or impossible to measure in vivo. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-13T23:55:52Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-9421a21b804745dbbfadf1a8ef8bfff1 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-4185 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-13T23:55:52Z |
| publishDate | 2020-03-01 |
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| series | Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology |
| spelling | doaj.art-9421a21b804745dbbfadf1a8ef8bfff12022-12-21T23:26:32ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology2296-41852020-03-01810.3389/fbioe.2020.00150514223Development of a Canine Rigid Body Musculoskeletal Computer Model to Evaluate GaitNathan P. Brown0Gina E. Bertocci1Gregory J. R. States2Gwendolyn J. Levine3Jonathan M. Levine4Dena R. Howland5Dena R. Howland6Dena R. Howland7Canine Rehabilitation and Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, J.B. Speed School of Engineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United StatesCanine Rehabilitation and Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, J.B. Speed School of Engineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United StatesCanine Rehabilitation and Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, J.B. Speed School of Engineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United StatesDepartment of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United StatesDepartment of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United StatesKentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United StatesDepartment of Neurological Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United StatesResearch Service, Robley Rex VA Medical Center, Louisville, KY, United StatesBackgroundKinematic and kinetic analysis have been used to gain an understanding of canine movement and joint loading during gait. By non-invasively predicting muscle activation patterns and forces during gait, musculoskeletal models can further our understanding of normal variability and muscle activation patterns and force profiles characteristic of gait.MethodsPelvic limb kinematics and kinetics were measured for a 2 year old healthy female Dachshund (5.4 kg) during gait using 3-D motion capture and force platforms. A computed tomography scan was conducted to acquire pelvis and pelvic limb morphology. Using the OpenSim modeling platform, a bilateral pelvic limb subject-specific rigid body musculoskeletal computer model was developed. This model predicted muscle activation patterns, muscle forces, and angular kinematics and joint moments during walking.ResultsGait kinematics determined from motion capture matched those predicted by the model, verifying model accuracy. Primary muscles involved in generating joint moments during stance and swing were predicted by the model: at mid-stance the adductor magnus et brevis (peak activation 53.2%, peak force 64.7 N) extended the hip, and stifle flexor muscles (biceps femoris tibial and calcaneal portions) flexed the stifle. Countering vertical ground reaction forces, the iliopsoas (peak activation 37.9%, peak force 68.7 N) stabilized the hip in mid-stance, while the biceps femoris patellar portion stabilized the stifle in mid-stance and the plantar flexors (gastrocnemius and flexor digitorum muscles) stabilized the tarsal joint during early stance. Transitioning to swing, the iliopsoas, rectus femoris and tensor fascia lata flexed the hip, while in late swing the adductor magnus et brevis impeded further flexion as biceps femoris tibial and calcaneal portions stabilized the stifle for ground contact.ConclusionThe musculoskeletal computer model accurately replicated experimental canine angular kinematics associated with gait and was used to predict muscle activation patterns and forces. Thus, musculoskeletal modeling allows for quantification of measures such as muscle forces that are difficult or impossible to measure in vivo.https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fbioe.2020.00150/fullcaninegaitpelvic limbcomputer modelbiomechanicsmuscle activation |
| spellingShingle | Nathan P. Brown Gina E. Bertocci Gregory J. R. States Gwendolyn J. Levine Jonathan M. Levine Dena R. Howland Dena R. Howland Dena R. Howland Development of a Canine Rigid Body Musculoskeletal Computer Model to Evaluate Gait Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology canine gait pelvic limb computer model biomechanics muscle activation |
| title | Development of a Canine Rigid Body Musculoskeletal Computer Model to Evaluate Gait |
| title_full | Development of a Canine Rigid Body Musculoskeletal Computer Model to Evaluate Gait |
| title_fullStr | Development of a Canine Rigid Body Musculoskeletal Computer Model to Evaluate Gait |
| title_full_unstemmed | Development of a Canine Rigid Body Musculoskeletal Computer Model to Evaluate Gait |
| title_short | Development of a Canine Rigid Body Musculoskeletal Computer Model to Evaluate Gait |
| title_sort | development of a canine rigid body musculoskeletal computer model to evaluate gait |
| topic | canine gait pelvic limb computer model biomechanics muscle activation |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fbioe.2020.00150/full |
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