Forest and Landscape Restoration: A Review Emphasizing Principles, Concepts, and Practices
Forest and Landscape Restoration (FLR) is considered worldwide as a powerful approach to recover ecological functionality and to improve human well-being in degraded and deforested landscapes. The literature produced by FLR programs could be a valuable tool to understand how they align with the exis...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-12-01
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| Series: | Land |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/10/1/28 |
| _version_ | 1797542757541085184 |
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| author | Ricardo Gomes César Loren Belei Carolina Giudice Badari Ricardo A. G. Viani Victoria Gutierrez Robin L. Chazdon Pedro H. S. Brancalion Carla Morsello |
| author_facet | Ricardo Gomes César Loren Belei Carolina Giudice Badari Ricardo A. G. Viani Victoria Gutierrez Robin L. Chazdon Pedro H. S. Brancalion Carla Morsello |
| author_sort | Ricardo Gomes César |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Forest and Landscape Restoration (FLR) is considered worldwide as a powerful approach to recover ecological functionality and to improve human well-being in degraded and deforested landscapes. The literature produced by FLR programs could be a valuable tool to understand how they align with the existing principles of FLR. We conducted a systematic qualitative review to identify the main FLR concepts and definitions adopted in the literature from 1980 to 2017 and the underlying actions commonly suggested to enable FLR implementation. We identified three domains and 12 main associated principles—(i) Project management and governance domain contains five principles: (a) Landscape scale, (b) Prioritization, (c) Legal and normative compliance, (d) Participation, (e) Adaptive management; (ii) Human aspect domain with four principles: (a) Enhance livelihoods, (b) Inclusiveness and equity, (c) Economic diversification, (d) Capacity building; (iii) Ecological Aspects domain with three principles: (a) Biodiversity conservation, (b) Landscape heterogeneity and connectivity, (c) Provision of ecosystem goods and services. Our results showcase variations in FLR principles and how they are linked with practice, especially regarding the lack of social aspects in FLR projects. Finally, we provide a starting point for future tools aiming to improve guidance frameworks for FLR. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T13:35:01Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-94239e1c08d443b990db4ed0317408ca |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-445X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T13:35:01Z |
| publishDate | 2020-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Land |
| spelling | doaj.art-94239e1c08d443b990db4ed0317408ca2023-11-21T07:35:17ZengMDPI AGLand2073-445X2020-12-011012810.3390/land10010028Forest and Landscape Restoration: A Review Emphasizing Principles, Concepts, and PracticesRicardo Gomes César0Loren Belei1Carolina Giudice Badari2Ricardo A. G. Viani3Victoria Gutierrez4Robin L. Chazdon5Pedro H. S. Brancalion6Carla Morsello7Department of Forestry Sciences, ‘Luiz de Queiroz’ School of Agriculture (ESALQ), University of São Paulo, Av. Pádua Dias, 11, Piracicaba 13418-900, BrazilGraduate Program in Environmental Science, Institute of Energy and Environment, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Luciano Gualberto, 1289, São Paulo 05508-900, BrazilDepartment of Forestry Sciences, ‘Luiz de Queiroz’ School of Agriculture (ESALQ), University of São Paulo, Av. Pádua Dias, 11, Piracicaba 13418-900, BrazilDepartment of Biotechnology and Plant and Animal Production, Federal University of São Carlos, Agraria Science Centre (CCA), Rodovia Anhanguera, Km 174, Araras 13604-900, BrazilCommonland, Kraanspoor 26, 1033 SE Amsterdam, The NetherlandsTropical Forests and People Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, Sunshine Coast, QLD 4558, AustraliaDepartment of Forestry Sciences, ‘Luiz de Queiroz’ School of Agriculture (ESALQ), University of São Paulo, Av. Pádua Dias, 11, Piracicaba 13418-900, BrazilSchool of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of São Paulo, Arlindo Bettio Street, 1000, São Paulo 03828-000, BrazilForest and Landscape Restoration (FLR) is considered worldwide as a powerful approach to recover ecological functionality and to improve human well-being in degraded and deforested landscapes. The literature produced by FLR programs could be a valuable tool to understand how they align with the existing principles of FLR. We conducted a systematic qualitative review to identify the main FLR concepts and definitions adopted in the literature from 1980 to 2017 and the underlying actions commonly suggested to enable FLR implementation. We identified three domains and 12 main associated principles—(i) Project management and governance domain contains five principles: (a) Landscape scale, (b) Prioritization, (c) Legal and normative compliance, (d) Participation, (e) Adaptive management; (ii) Human aspect domain with four principles: (a) Enhance livelihoods, (b) Inclusiveness and equity, (c) Economic diversification, (d) Capacity building; (iii) Ecological Aspects domain with three principles: (a) Biodiversity conservation, (b) Landscape heterogeneity and connectivity, (c) Provision of ecosystem goods and services. Our results showcase variations in FLR principles and how they are linked with practice, especially regarding the lack of social aspects in FLR projects. Finally, we provide a starting point for future tools aiming to improve guidance frameworks for FLR.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/10/1/28literature reviewforest restorationhuman dimension of restorationecosystem serviceslandscape ecologyproject management |
| spellingShingle | Ricardo Gomes César Loren Belei Carolina Giudice Badari Ricardo A. G. Viani Victoria Gutierrez Robin L. Chazdon Pedro H. S. Brancalion Carla Morsello Forest and Landscape Restoration: A Review Emphasizing Principles, Concepts, and Practices Land literature review forest restoration human dimension of restoration ecosystem services landscape ecology project management |
| title | Forest and Landscape Restoration: A Review Emphasizing Principles, Concepts, and Practices |
| title_full | Forest and Landscape Restoration: A Review Emphasizing Principles, Concepts, and Practices |
| title_fullStr | Forest and Landscape Restoration: A Review Emphasizing Principles, Concepts, and Practices |
| title_full_unstemmed | Forest and Landscape Restoration: A Review Emphasizing Principles, Concepts, and Practices |
| title_short | Forest and Landscape Restoration: A Review Emphasizing Principles, Concepts, and Practices |
| title_sort | forest and landscape restoration a review emphasizing principles concepts and practices |
| topic | literature review forest restoration human dimension of restoration ecosystem services landscape ecology project management |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/10/1/28 |
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