Sacrificial Volume Materials for Small Hole Generation in Low-Temperature Cofired Ceramics
The creation of hole, cavity or channel structures in low-temperature cofired ceramics (LTCCs), using different sacrificial volume materials (SVMs) was tested. The main functionality of the SVMs should be: easy application into the holes; protection of holes during lamination; uninhibited lamination...
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MDPI AG
2020-12-01
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| Series: | Electronics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/9/12/2168 |
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| author | Camilla Kärnfelt Dmitry Zelenchuk Maïna Sinou François Gallée Paula Douglas |
| author_facet | Camilla Kärnfelt Dmitry Zelenchuk Maïna Sinou François Gallée Paula Douglas |
| author_sort | Camilla Kärnfelt |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The creation of hole, cavity or channel structures in low-temperature cofired ceramics (LTCCs), using different sacrificial volume materials (SVMs) was tested. The main functionality of the SVMs should be: easy application into the holes; protection of holes during lamination; uninhibited lamination between layers; and, during firing should burn out before the pores of the LTCCs close, to leave the empty holes clear of any residue. Five different materials were tested—hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) 2 wt%, HEC 5 wt%, agar-agar, gelatin, and commercial carbon paste—and compared to a reference sample where no SVMs were used. In all cases, lamination parameters were minimised in order to preserve the tested hole structures. Matrixes with holes ranging from 158 to 268 µm, with pitches of 573 µm in a green state, were tested. The agar-agar caused ceramic deformation as a result of thermal burst during firing and the lamination between the layers was compromised. The carbon paste was difficult to handle, requiring extra equipment for hole filling and incomplete filling of the larger holes. Traces of carbon paste were left as a landing pad on top of the holes, inhibiting lamination at these areas. The gelatin and the 2 wt% and 5 wt% hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC 2 wt% and HEC 5 wt%) filled all holes completely, and also worked as adhesive-assisted lamination (AAL) materials with excellent lamination between layers. Excellent lamination was also observed in the no-SVM case. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analyses established that, for all SVMs tested, the remaining residue is negligible after firing. As a result, the HEC 2 wt% material was considered ideal for use as an SVM. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T13:59:15Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-9426a2ee43694350b122a7a2131bad66 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T13:59:15Z |
| publishDate | 2020-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Electronics |
| spelling | doaj.art-9426a2ee43694350b122a7a2131bad662023-11-21T01:18:26ZengMDPI AGElectronics2079-92922020-12-01912216810.3390/electronics9122168Sacrificial Volume Materials for Small Hole Generation in Low-Temperature Cofired CeramicsCamilla Kärnfelt0Dmitry Zelenchuk1Maïna Sinou2François Gallée3Paula Douglas4IMT Atlantique, Lab-STICC, UMR CNRS 6285, F-29238 Brest, FranceThe ECIT Institute, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT3 9DT, UKIMT Atlantique, Lab-STICC, UMR CNRS 6285, F-29238 Brest, FranceIMT Atlantique, Lab-STICC, UMR CNRS 6285, F-29238 Brest, FranceThe Polymer Processing Research Centre, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 5AH, UKThe creation of hole, cavity or channel structures in low-temperature cofired ceramics (LTCCs), using different sacrificial volume materials (SVMs) was tested. The main functionality of the SVMs should be: easy application into the holes; protection of holes during lamination; uninhibited lamination between layers; and, during firing should burn out before the pores of the LTCCs close, to leave the empty holes clear of any residue. Five different materials were tested—hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) 2 wt%, HEC 5 wt%, agar-agar, gelatin, and commercial carbon paste—and compared to a reference sample where no SVMs were used. In all cases, lamination parameters were minimised in order to preserve the tested hole structures. Matrixes with holes ranging from 158 to 268 µm, with pitches of 573 µm in a green state, were tested. The agar-agar caused ceramic deformation as a result of thermal burst during firing and the lamination between the layers was compromised. The carbon paste was difficult to handle, requiring extra equipment for hole filling and incomplete filling of the larger holes. Traces of carbon paste were left as a landing pad on top of the holes, inhibiting lamination at these areas. The gelatin and the 2 wt% and 5 wt% hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC 2 wt% and HEC 5 wt%) filled all holes completely, and also worked as adhesive-assisted lamination (AAL) materials with excellent lamination between layers. Excellent lamination was also observed in the no-SVM case. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analyses established that, for all SVMs tested, the remaining residue is negligible after firing. As a result, the HEC 2 wt% material was considered ideal for use as an SVM.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/9/12/2168LTCCSVMHECcarbon pastegelatinagar-agar |
| spellingShingle | Camilla Kärnfelt Dmitry Zelenchuk Maïna Sinou François Gallée Paula Douglas Sacrificial Volume Materials for Small Hole Generation in Low-Temperature Cofired Ceramics Electronics LTCC SVM HEC carbon paste gelatin agar-agar |
| title | Sacrificial Volume Materials for Small Hole Generation in Low-Temperature Cofired Ceramics |
| title_full | Sacrificial Volume Materials for Small Hole Generation in Low-Temperature Cofired Ceramics |
| title_fullStr | Sacrificial Volume Materials for Small Hole Generation in Low-Temperature Cofired Ceramics |
| title_full_unstemmed | Sacrificial Volume Materials for Small Hole Generation in Low-Temperature Cofired Ceramics |
| title_short | Sacrificial Volume Materials for Small Hole Generation in Low-Temperature Cofired Ceramics |
| title_sort | sacrificial volume materials for small hole generation in low temperature cofired ceramics |
| topic | LTCC SVM HEC carbon paste gelatin agar-agar |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/9/12/2168 |
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