High-Dynamic-Range Spectral Reflectance for the Segmentation of Paint Pigment: Application to Dalí’s Oil Painting Dos Figuras (1926)
Restorers and curators in museums sometimes find it difficult to accurately segment areas of paintings that have been contaminated with other pigments or areas that need to be restored, and work on the painting needs to be carried out with minimum possible damage. It is therefore necessary to develo...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2023-04-01
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| Series: | Sensors |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/9/4316 |
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| author | Antonio Alvarez Fernandez-Balbuena Angela Gómez-Manzanares Juan Carlos Martínez Antón Jorge García Gómez-Tejedor Santiago Mayorga-Pinilla Humberto Durán Roque Daniel Vázquez Moliní |
| author_facet | Antonio Alvarez Fernandez-Balbuena Angela Gómez-Manzanares Juan Carlos Martínez Antón Jorge García Gómez-Tejedor Santiago Mayorga-Pinilla Humberto Durán Roque Daniel Vázquez Moliní |
| author_sort | Antonio Alvarez Fernandez-Balbuena |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Restorers and curators in museums sometimes find it difficult to accurately segment areas of paintings that have been contaminated with other pigments or areas that need to be restored, and work on the painting needs to be carried out with minimum possible damage. It is therefore necessary to develop measurement systems and methods that facilitate this task in the least invasive way possible. The aim of this study was to obtain high-dynamic-range (HDR) spectral reflectance and spatial resolution for Dalí’s painting entitled Two Figures (1926) in order to segment a small area of black and white pigment that was affected by the contact transfer of reddish pigment from another painting. Using Hypermatrixcam to measure the HDR spectral reflectance developed by this research team, an HDR multispectral cube of 12 images was obtained for the band 470–690 nm in steps of 20 nm. With the values obtained for the spectral reflectance of the HDR cube, the colour of the area of paint affected by the transfer was studied by calculating the <i>a*b*</i> components with the CIELab system. These <i>a*b*</i> values were then used to define two methods of segmenting the exact areas in which there was a transfer of reddish pigment. The area studied in the painting was originally black, and the contamination with reddish pigment occupied 13.87% to 32% of the total area depending on the selected method. These different solutions can be explained because the lower limit is segmentation based on pure pigment and the upper limit considers red as an exclusion of non-black pigment. Over- and under-segmentation is a common problem described in the literature related to pigment selection. In this application case, as red pigment is not original and should be removed, curators will choose the method that selects the highest red area. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T04:07:00Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-9427a30da9954ebda222b784b63f2f02 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T04:07:00Z |
| publishDate | 2023-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-9427a30da9954ebda222b784b63f2f022023-11-17T23:42:43ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202023-04-01239431610.3390/s23094316High-Dynamic-Range Spectral Reflectance for the Segmentation of Paint Pigment: Application to Dalí’s Oil Painting Dos Figuras (1926)Antonio Alvarez Fernandez-Balbuena0Angela Gómez-Manzanares1Juan Carlos Martínez Antón2Jorge García Gómez-Tejedor3Santiago Mayorga-Pinilla4Humberto Durán Roque5Daniel Vázquez Moliní6Department of Optics, University Complutense of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, SpainDepartment of Optics, University Complutense of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, SpainDepartment of Optics, University Complutense of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, SpainMuseo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sofía, 28012 Madrid, SpainDepartment of Optics, University Complutense of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, SpainHdurán: Imágenes para Estudios Técnicos Conservación y Restauración, 28005 Madrid, SpainDepartment of Optics, University Complutense of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, SpainRestorers and curators in museums sometimes find it difficult to accurately segment areas of paintings that have been contaminated with other pigments or areas that need to be restored, and work on the painting needs to be carried out with minimum possible damage. It is therefore necessary to develop measurement systems and methods that facilitate this task in the least invasive way possible. The aim of this study was to obtain high-dynamic-range (HDR) spectral reflectance and spatial resolution for Dalí’s painting entitled Two Figures (1926) in order to segment a small area of black and white pigment that was affected by the contact transfer of reddish pigment from another painting. Using Hypermatrixcam to measure the HDR spectral reflectance developed by this research team, an HDR multispectral cube of 12 images was obtained for the band 470–690 nm in steps of 20 nm. With the values obtained for the spectral reflectance of the HDR cube, the colour of the area of paint affected by the transfer was studied by calculating the <i>a*b*</i> components with the CIELab system. These <i>a*b*</i> values were then used to define two methods of segmenting the exact areas in which there was a transfer of reddish pigment. The area studied in the painting was originally black, and the contamination with reddish pigment occupied 13.87% to 32% of the total area depending on the selected method. These different solutions can be explained because the lower limit is segmentation based on pure pigment and the upper limit considers red as an exclusion of non-black pigment. Over- and under-segmentation is a common problem described in the literature related to pigment selection. In this application case, as red pigment is not original and should be removed, curators will choose the method that selects the highest red area.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/9/4316multispectral imagingcultural heritagepigment segmentationspectral reflectancehigh-dynamic-range |
| spellingShingle | Antonio Alvarez Fernandez-Balbuena Angela Gómez-Manzanares Juan Carlos Martínez Antón Jorge García Gómez-Tejedor Santiago Mayorga-Pinilla Humberto Durán Roque Daniel Vázquez Moliní High-Dynamic-Range Spectral Reflectance for the Segmentation of Paint Pigment: Application to Dalí’s Oil Painting Dos Figuras (1926) Sensors multispectral imaging cultural heritage pigment segmentation spectral reflectance high-dynamic-range |
| title | High-Dynamic-Range Spectral Reflectance for the Segmentation of Paint Pigment: Application to Dalí’s Oil Painting Dos Figuras (1926) |
| title_full | High-Dynamic-Range Spectral Reflectance for the Segmentation of Paint Pigment: Application to Dalí’s Oil Painting Dos Figuras (1926) |
| title_fullStr | High-Dynamic-Range Spectral Reflectance for the Segmentation of Paint Pigment: Application to Dalí’s Oil Painting Dos Figuras (1926) |
| title_full_unstemmed | High-Dynamic-Range Spectral Reflectance for the Segmentation of Paint Pigment: Application to Dalí’s Oil Painting Dos Figuras (1926) |
| title_short | High-Dynamic-Range Spectral Reflectance for the Segmentation of Paint Pigment: Application to Dalí’s Oil Painting Dos Figuras (1926) |
| title_sort | high dynamic range spectral reflectance for the segmentation of paint pigment application to dali s oil painting dos figuras 1926 |
| topic | multispectral imaging cultural heritage pigment segmentation spectral reflectance high-dynamic-range |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/9/4316 |
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