Synergistic Zinc(II) and Formate Doping of Perovskites: Thermal Phase Stabilization of α-FAPbI<sub>3</sub> and Enhanced Photoluminescence Lifetime of FA<sub>0.8</sub>MA<sub>0.2</sub>PbI<sub>3</sub> up to 3.7 µs
Adding zinc (II) cations and formate anions improves the thermal phase stability of α-FAPbI<sub>3</sub> materials, and the spin-coated thin films of such doped FAPbI<sub>3</sub> (produced using MACl) show an increased emission lifetime of up to 3.7 μs on quartz (for FA<sub...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2024-01-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/29/2/516 |
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| author | Merk M. Hoeksma René M. Williams |
| author_facet | Merk M. Hoeksma René M. Williams |
| author_sort | Merk M. Hoeksma |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Adding zinc (II) cations and formate anions improves the thermal phase stability of α-FAPbI<sub>3</sub> materials, and the spin-coated thin films of such doped FAPbI<sub>3</sub> (produced using MACl) show an increased emission lifetime of up to 3.7 μs on quartz (for FA<sub>0.8</sub>MA<sub>0.2</sub>PbI<sub>3</sub>). This work investigates the effects of zinc and formate on the phase stability and time-resolved photoluminescence of FAPbI<sub>3</sub> perovskites for solar cell applications. Perovskite samples with varying concentrations of zinc and formate were made by incorporating different amounts of zinc formate and zinc iodide and were characterized with XRD. Doping levels of 1.7% Zn(II) and 1.0% formate (relative to Pb) seem optimal. The thermal phase stability of the doped perovskite powders (FAPbI<sub>3</sub>) and thin films (FA<sub>0.8</sub>MA<sub>0.2</sub>PbI<sub>3</sub>) was assessed. XRD of the thin films after 6 months shows only the alpha-phase. The time-resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy of the doped spin-coated perovskite samples (FA<sub>0.8</sub>MA<sub>0.2</sub>PbI<sub>3</sub> produced using MACl) is reported. The results show that synergy between an anionic and a cationic dopant can take place, making the perovskite thermally more phase-stable (not converting to the yellow delta-phase) with a longer charge carrier lifetime. In order to produce good thin films by spin coating, the use of MACl was essential. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T09:48:54Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-944c5b8e3e3d4e608f5cdc77c126cc6d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T09:48:54Z |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-944c5b8e3e3d4e608f5cdc77c126cc6d2024-01-29T14:09:15ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492024-01-0129251610.3390/molecules29020516Synergistic Zinc(II) and Formate Doping of Perovskites: Thermal Phase Stabilization of α-FAPbI<sub>3</sub> and Enhanced Photoluminescence Lifetime of FA<sub>0.8</sub>MA<sub>0.2</sub>PbI<sub>3</sub> up to 3.7 µsMerk M. Hoeksma0René M. Williams1Molecular Photonics Group, van ’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), Universiteit van Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The NetherlandsMolecular Photonics Group, van ’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), Universiteit van Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The NetherlandsAdding zinc (II) cations and formate anions improves the thermal phase stability of α-FAPbI<sub>3</sub> materials, and the spin-coated thin films of such doped FAPbI<sub>3</sub> (produced using MACl) show an increased emission lifetime of up to 3.7 μs on quartz (for FA<sub>0.8</sub>MA<sub>0.2</sub>PbI<sub>3</sub>). This work investigates the effects of zinc and formate on the phase stability and time-resolved photoluminescence of FAPbI<sub>3</sub> perovskites for solar cell applications. Perovskite samples with varying concentrations of zinc and formate were made by incorporating different amounts of zinc formate and zinc iodide and were characterized with XRD. Doping levels of 1.7% Zn(II) and 1.0% formate (relative to Pb) seem optimal. The thermal phase stability of the doped perovskite powders (FAPbI<sub>3</sub>) and thin films (FA<sub>0.8</sub>MA<sub>0.2</sub>PbI<sub>3</sub>) was assessed. XRD of the thin films after 6 months shows only the alpha-phase. The time-resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy of the doped spin-coated perovskite samples (FA<sub>0.8</sub>MA<sub>0.2</sub>PbI<sub>3</sub> produced using MACl) is reported. The results show that synergy between an anionic and a cationic dopant can take place, making the perovskite thermally more phase-stable (not converting to the yellow delta-phase) with a longer charge carrier lifetime. In order to produce good thin films by spin coating, the use of MACl was essential.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/29/2/516solar cellsformamidiniumleadiodidealloys |
| spellingShingle | Merk M. Hoeksma René M. Williams Synergistic Zinc(II) and Formate Doping of Perovskites: Thermal Phase Stabilization of α-FAPbI<sub>3</sub> and Enhanced Photoluminescence Lifetime of FA<sub>0.8</sub>MA<sub>0.2</sub>PbI<sub>3</sub> up to 3.7 µs Molecules solar cells formamidinium lead iodide alloys |
| title | Synergistic Zinc(II) and Formate Doping of Perovskites: Thermal Phase Stabilization of α-FAPbI<sub>3</sub> and Enhanced Photoluminescence Lifetime of FA<sub>0.8</sub>MA<sub>0.2</sub>PbI<sub>3</sub> up to 3.7 µs |
| title_full | Synergistic Zinc(II) and Formate Doping of Perovskites: Thermal Phase Stabilization of α-FAPbI<sub>3</sub> and Enhanced Photoluminescence Lifetime of FA<sub>0.8</sub>MA<sub>0.2</sub>PbI<sub>3</sub> up to 3.7 µs |
| title_fullStr | Synergistic Zinc(II) and Formate Doping of Perovskites: Thermal Phase Stabilization of α-FAPbI<sub>3</sub> and Enhanced Photoluminescence Lifetime of FA<sub>0.8</sub>MA<sub>0.2</sub>PbI<sub>3</sub> up to 3.7 µs |
| title_full_unstemmed | Synergistic Zinc(II) and Formate Doping of Perovskites: Thermal Phase Stabilization of α-FAPbI<sub>3</sub> and Enhanced Photoluminescence Lifetime of FA<sub>0.8</sub>MA<sub>0.2</sub>PbI<sub>3</sub> up to 3.7 µs |
| title_short | Synergistic Zinc(II) and Formate Doping of Perovskites: Thermal Phase Stabilization of α-FAPbI<sub>3</sub> and Enhanced Photoluminescence Lifetime of FA<sub>0.8</sub>MA<sub>0.2</sub>PbI<sub>3</sub> up to 3.7 µs |
| title_sort | synergistic zinc ii and formate doping of perovskites thermal phase stabilization of α fapbi sub 3 sub and enhanced photoluminescence lifetime of fa sub 0 8 sub ma sub 0 2 sub pbi sub 3 sub up to 3 7 µs |
| topic | solar cells formamidinium lead iodide alloys |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/29/2/516 |
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