The Effect of Chronic Tobacco Smoking and Chewing on the Lipid Profile
ABSTRACT Background: A worldwide epidemic of cardio vascular diseases is evolving, out of which atherosclerosis appears to be the most frequent underlying cause. Cigarette smoking remains the most important cause of the preventable morbidity and the early mortality. Nicotine is highly addictive,...
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JCDR Research and Publications Private Limited
2013-01-01
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| Series: | Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research |
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| Online Access: | https://jcdr.net/articles/PDF/2663/8-%205086_E(C)_PF1(M)_F(H)_PF1(P)_PFA(MP)_OLF(P)_PF1(RP)_u.pdf |
| _version_ | 1818327964167700480 |
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| author | Srinivasa Rao Ch Emmanuel Subash Y |
| author_facet | Srinivasa Rao Ch Emmanuel Subash Y |
| author_sort | Srinivasa Rao Ch |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | ABSTRACT
Background: A worldwide epidemic of cardio vascular diseases is evolving, out of which atherosclerosis appears to be the
most frequent underlying cause. Cigarette smoking remains the
most important cause of the preventable morbidity and the early
mortality. Nicotine is highly addictive, it raises the brain levels of
dopamine and it produces withdrawal symptoms on its discontinuation.
Aim: To study the effect of tobacco smoking &chewing on serum
lipid profile.
Methods: Although a genetic predis-position to atherosclerosis
may be the cause, a vast majority of the atherosclerotic related
diseases, which include coronary heart diseases, are acquired.
Those which usually appear later in life are largely preventable.
Tobacco is the major and the single most preventable risk factor for atherosclerotic related, clinical events like coronary heart
disease. This study was conducted on three groups of male subjects, with each group containing 25 individuals of 25 to 35 years
of age and who weighed 50-70 kgs.
Group-I: non smokers and non chewers.
Group-II: smokers and non chewers
Group–III: chewers and non smokers.
To estimate the triglycerides, glycerol which is derived from the
saponification of triglycerides is oxidized to formaldehyde, which
in turn is made to react with ammonia and acetylacetone to give
rise to a chromogen (3.5 diacetyle-1,4 dihydrolutidine). It is quantified spectro-photometrically (the HANTZSCH reaction).
Results: The mean serum total cholesterol level in the subjects
of Group II was more by about 16.94 % (p< 0.001) and that in the
subjects of Group –III was more by 23.21% (p< 0.001).
The mean serum VLDL level in the subjects of Group II had an
increase of about 27.54% (p< 0.01) and in Group –III, it had increased by11.82% (p< 0.01).
The mean serum LDL level in the subjects of Group II showed an
increase of about 34.64% (p< 0.001) and in Group –III, it had
increased by16.27% (p< 0.001).
The mean serum HDL level in the subjects of Group II showed a
decrease in the mean serum HDL level by about 9.78 % (p< 0.01)
and in Group –III, it had decreased by 22.12% (p< 0.01).
The mean serum Triglyceride level in the subjects of Group II
showed an increase of about 25.40% (p< 0.001) and in Group
–III, it was more by33.35% (p< 0.001).
Conclusion: There was a significant increase in total cholesterol and LDL-C in tobacco users ,as compared to non tobacco
users. |
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| spelling | doaj.art-944da4988514430f8908b1440abf299b2022-12-21T23:46:26ZengJCDR Research and Publications Private LimitedJournal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research2249-782X0973-709X2013-01-0171313410.7860/JCDR/2012/5086.2663The Effect of Chronic Tobacco Smoking and Chewing on the Lipid Profile Srinivasa Rao Ch0 Emmanuel Subash Y1Associate Professor, Department of Physiology, Siddhartha Medical College, Gunadala, Vijayawada-520 008 (A.P.) Southern IndiaProfessor, Department of Physiology, Siddhartha Medical College, Gunadala, Vijayawada-520 008 (A.P.) Southern India.ABSTRACT Background: A worldwide epidemic of cardio vascular diseases is evolving, out of which atherosclerosis appears to be the most frequent underlying cause. Cigarette smoking remains the most important cause of the preventable morbidity and the early mortality. Nicotine is highly addictive, it raises the brain levels of dopamine and it produces withdrawal symptoms on its discontinuation. Aim: To study the effect of tobacco smoking &chewing on serum lipid profile. Methods: Although a genetic predis-position to atherosclerosis may be the cause, a vast majority of the atherosclerotic related diseases, which include coronary heart diseases, are acquired. Those which usually appear later in life are largely preventable. Tobacco is the major and the single most preventable risk factor for atherosclerotic related, clinical events like coronary heart disease. This study was conducted on three groups of male subjects, with each group containing 25 individuals of 25 to 35 years of age and who weighed 50-70 kgs. Group-I: non smokers and non chewers. Group-II: smokers and non chewers Group–III: chewers and non smokers. To estimate the triglycerides, glycerol which is derived from the saponification of triglycerides is oxidized to formaldehyde, which in turn is made to react with ammonia and acetylacetone to give rise to a chromogen (3.5 diacetyle-1,4 dihydrolutidine). It is quantified spectro-photometrically (the HANTZSCH reaction). Results: The mean serum total cholesterol level in the subjects of Group II was more by about 16.94 % (p< 0.001) and that in the subjects of Group –III was more by 23.21% (p< 0.001). The mean serum VLDL level in the subjects of Group II had an increase of about 27.54% (p< 0.01) and in Group –III, it had increased by11.82% (p< 0.01). The mean serum LDL level in the subjects of Group II showed an increase of about 34.64% (p< 0.001) and in Group –III, it had increased by16.27% (p< 0.001). The mean serum HDL level in the subjects of Group II showed a decrease in the mean serum HDL level by about 9.78 % (p< 0.01) and in Group –III, it had decreased by 22.12% (p< 0.01). The mean serum Triglyceride level in the subjects of Group II showed an increase of about 25.40% (p< 0.001) and in Group –III, it was more by33.35% (p< 0.001). Conclusion: There was a significant increase in total cholesterol and LDL-C in tobacco users ,as compared to non tobacco users.https://jcdr.net/articles/PDF/2663/8-%205086_E(C)_PF1(M)_F(H)_PF1(P)_PFA(MP)_OLF(P)_PF1(RP)_u.pdfcigarette smokingtobac-co chewingnicotineheart rateblood pressureserum chole-sterolcardio vascular disease |
| spellingShingle | Srinivasa Rao Ch Emmanuel Subash Y The Effect of Chronic Tobacco Smoking and Chewing on the Lipid Profile Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research cigarette smoking tobac-co chewing nicotine heart rate blood pressure serum chole-sterol cardio vascular disease |
| title | The Effect of Chronic Tobacco Smoking and Chewing on the Lipid Profile |
| title_full | The Effect of Chronic Tobacco Smoking and Chewing on the Lipid Profile |
| title_fullStr | The Effect of Chronic Tobacco Smoking and Chewing on the Lipid Profile |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Effect of Chronic Tobacco Smoking and Chewing on the Lipid Profile |
| title_short | The Effect of Chronic Tobacco Smoking and Chewing on the Lipid Profile |
| title_sort | effect of chronic tobacco smoking and chewing on the lipid profile |
| topic | cigarette smoking tobac-co chewing nicotine heart rate blood pressure serum chole-sterol cardio vascular disease |
| url | https://jcdr.net/articles/PDF/2663/8-%205086_E(C)_PF1(M)_F(H)_PF1(P)_PFA(MP)_OLF(P)_PF1(RP)_u.pdf |
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