Forest Saccharomyces paradoxus are robust to seasonal biotic and abiotic changes
Abstract Microorganisms are famous for adapting quickly to new environments. However, most evidence for rapid microbial adaptation comes from laboratory experiments or domesticated environments, and it is unclear how rates of adaptation scale from human‐influenced environments to the great diversity...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2021-06-01
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| Series: | Ecology and Evolution |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.7515 |
| _version_ | 1818898087363477504 |
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| author | Primrose J. Boynton Dominika Wloch‐Salamon Doreen Landermann Eva H. Stukenbrock |
| author_facet | Primrose J. Boynton Dominika Wloch‐Salamon Doreen Landermann Eva H. Stukenbrock |
| author_sort | Primrose J. Boynton |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Microorganisms are famous for adapting quickly to new environments. However, most evidence for rapid microbial adaptation comes from laboratory experiments or domesticated environments, and it is unclear how rates of adaptation scale from human‐influenced environments to the great diversity of wild microorganisms. We examined potential monthly‐scale selective pressures in the model forest yeast Saccharomyces paradoxus. Contrary to expectations of seasonal adaptation, the S. paradoxus population was stable over four seasons in the face of abiotic and biotic environmental changes. While the S. paradoxus population was diverse, including 41 unique genotypes among 192 sampled isolates, there was no correlation between S. paradoxus genotypes and seasonal environments. Consistent with observations from other S. paradoxus populations, the forest population was highly clonal and inbred. This lack of recombination, paired with population stability, implies that selection is not acting on the forest S. paradoxus population on a seasonal timescale. Saccharomyces paradoxus may instead have evolved generalism or phenotypic plasticity with regard to seasonal environmental changes long ago. Similarly, while the forest population included diversity among phenotypes related to intraspecific interference competition, there was no evidence for active coevolution among these phenotypes. At least ten percent of the forest S. paradoxus individuals produced “killer toxins,” which kill sensitive Saccharomyces cells, but the presence of a toxin‐producing isolate did not predict resistance to the toxin among nearby isolates. How forest yeasts acclimate to changing environments remains an open question, and future studies should investigate the physiological responses that allow microbial cells to cope with environmental fluctuations in their native habitats. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-19T19:26:30Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-94641f7450314d978dc4b46d10f3f95b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2045-7758 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-19T19:26:30Z |
| publishDate | 2021-06-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Ecology and Evolution |
| spelling | doaj.art-94641f7450314d978dc4b46d10f3f95b2022-12-21T20:08:46ZengWileyEcology and Evolution2045-77582021-06-0111116604661910.1002/ece3.7515Forest Saccharomyces paradoxus are robust to seasonal biotic and abiotic changesPrimrose J. Boynton0Dominika Wloch‐Salamon1Doreen Landermann2Eva H. Stukenbrock3Biology Department Wheaton College Norton MA USAFaculty of Biology Institute of Environmental SciencesJagiellonian University Kraków PolandEnvironmental Genomics Research Group Max‐Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology Plön GermanyEnvironmental Genomics Research Group Max‐Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology Plön GermanyAbstract Microorganisms are famous for adapting quickly to new environments. However, most evidence for rapid microbial adaptation comes from laboratory experiments or domesticated environments, and it is unclear how rates of adaptation scale from human‐influenced environments to the great diversity of wild microorganisms. We examined potential monthly‐scale selective pressures in the model forest yeast Saccharomyces paradoxus. Contrary to expectations of seasonal adaptation, the S. paradoxus population was stable over four seasons in the face of abiotic and biotic environmental changes. While the S. paradoxus population was diverse, including 41 unique genotypes among 192 sampled isolates, there was no correlation between S. paradoxus genotypes and seasonal environments. Consistent with observations from other S. paradoxus populations, the forest population was highly clonal and inbred. This lack of recombination, paired with population stability, implies that selection is not acting on the forest S. paradoxus population on a seasonal timescale. Saccharomyces paradoxus may instead have evolved generalism or phenotypic plasticity with regard to seasonal environmental changes long ago. Similarly, while the forest population included diversity among phenotypes related to intraspecific interference competition, there was no evidence for active coevolution among these phenotypes. At least ten percent of the forest S. paradoxus individuals produced “killer toxins,” which kill sensitive Saccharomyces cells, but the presence of a toxin‐producing isolate did not predict resistance to the toxin among nearby isolates. How forest yeasts acclimate to changing environments remains an open question, and future studies should investigate the physiological responses that allow microbial cells to cope with environmental fluctuations in their native habitats.https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.7515environmental yeastkiller yeastmicrobial ecologyrapid adaptationselection |
| spellingShingle | Primrose J. Boynton Dominika Wloch‐Salamon Doreen Landermann Eva H. Stukenbrock Forest Saccharomyces paradoxus are robust to seasonal biotic and abiotic changes Ecology and Evolution environmental yeast killer yeast microbial ecology rapid adaptation selection |
| title | Forest Saccharomyces paradoxus are robust to seasonal biotic and abiotic changes |
| title_full | Forest Saccharomyces paradoxus are robust to seasonal biotic and abiotic changes |
| title_fullStr | Forest Saccharomyces paradoxus are robust to seasonal biotic and abiotic changes |
| title_full_unstemmed | Forest Saccharomyces paradoxus are robust to seasonal biotic and abiotic changes |
| title_short | Forest Saccharomyces paradoxus are robust to seasonal biotic and abiotic changes |
| title_sort | forest saccharomyces paradoxus are robust to seasonal biotic and abiotic changes |
| topic | environmental yeast killer yeast microbial ecology rapid adaptation selection |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.7515 |
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