Osteoblasts in a Perfusion Flow Bioreactor—Tissue Engineered Constructs of TiO<sub>2</sub> Scaffolds and Cells for Improved Clinical Performance
Combining biomaterial scaffolds with cells serves as a promising strategy for engineering critical size defects; however, homogenous cellular growth within large scaffolds is challenging. Mechanical stimuli can enhance bone regeneration by modulating cellular growth and differentiation. Here, we com...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-06-01
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| Series: | Cells |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/11/13/1995 |
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| author | Maria Schröder Janne Elin Reseland Håvard Jostein Haugen |
| author_facet | Maria Schröder Janne Elin Reseland Håvard Jostein Haugen |
| author_sort | Maria Schröder |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Combining biomaterial scaffolds with cells serves as a promising strategy for engineering critical size defects; however, homogenous cellular growth within large scaffolds is challenging. Mechanical stimuli can enhance bone regeneration by modulating cellular growth and differentiation. Here, we compare dynamic seeding in a perfusion flow bioreactor with static seeding for a synthetic bone scaffold for up to 21 days using the cell line MC3T3-E1 and primary human osteoblast, confocal laser scanning microscopy, and real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. The secretion of bone-related proteins was quantified using multiplex immunoassays. Dynamic culture improved cellular distribution through the TiO<sub>2</sub> scaffold and induced a five-fold increase in cell number after 21 days. The relative mRNA expression of osteopontin of MC3T3-E1 was 40-fold enhanced after 7 and 21 days at a flow rate of 0.08 mL/min, and that of collagen type I alpha I expression was 18-fold after 21 days. A flow rate of 0.16 mL/min was 10-fold less effective. Dynamic culture increased the levels of dickkopf-related protein 1 (60-fold), osteoprotegrin (29-fold), interleukin-6 (23-fold), interleukin-8 (36-fold), monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (28-fold) and vascular endothelial growth factor (6-fold) in the medium of primary human osteoblasts after 21 days compared to static seeding. The proposed method may have clinical potential for bone tissue engineering. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T22:01:44Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-9464e39df7ee4d8db6f40b711bb8b863 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4409 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T22:01:44Z |
| publishDate | 2022-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Cells |
| spelling | doaj.art-9464e39df7ee4d8db6f40b711bb8b8632023-11-23T19:47:48ZengMDPI AGCells2073-44092022-06-011113199510.3390/cells11131995Osteoblasts in a Perfusion Flow Bioreactor—Tissue Engineered Constructs of TiO<sub>2</sub> Scaffolds and Cells for Improved Clinical PerformanceMaria Schröder0Janne Elin Reseland1Håvard Jostein Haugen2Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, NO-0317 P.O. Box 1109 Blindern Oslo, NorwayDepartment of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, NO-0317 P.O. Box 1109 Blindern Oslo, NorwayDepartment of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, NO-0317 P.O. Box 1109 Blindern Oslo, NorwayCombining biomaterial scaffolds with cells serves as a promising strategy for engineering critical size defects; however, homogenous cellular growth within large scaffolds is challenging. Mechanical stimuli can enhance bone regeneration by modulating cellular growth and differentiation. Here, we compare dynamic seeding in a perfusion flow bioreactor with static seeding for a synthetic bone scaffold for up to 21 days using the cell line MC3T3-E1 and primary human osteoblast, confocal laser scanning microscopy, and real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. The secretion of bone-related proteins was quantified using multiplex immunoassays. Dynamic culture improved cellular distribution through the TiO<sub>2</sub> scaffold and induced a five-fold increase in cell number after 21 days. The relative mRNA expression of osteopontin of MC3T3-E1 was 40-fold enhanced after 7 and 21 days at a flow rate of 0.08 mL/min, and that of collagen type I alpha I expression was 18-fold after 21 days. A flow rate of 0.16 mL/min was 10-fold less effective. Dynamic culture increased the levels of dickkopf-related protein 1 (60-fold), osteoprotegrin (29-fold), interleukin-6 (23-fold), interleukin-8 (36-fold), monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (28-fold) and vascular endothelial growth factor (6-fold) in the medium of primary human osteoblasts after 21 days compared to static seeding. The proposed method may have clinical potential for bone tissue engineering.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/11/13/1995perfusion bioreactorsynthetic bone scaffoldwall shear stressfluid flowbone tissue engineeringhuman osteoblasts |
| spellingShingle | Maria Schröder Janne Elin Reseland Håvard Jostein Haugen Osteoblasts in a Perfusion Flow Bioreactor—Tissue Engineered Constructs of TiO<sub>2</sub> Scaffolds and Cells for Improved Clinical Performance Cells perfusion bioreactor synthetic bone scaffold wall shear stress fluid flow bone tissue engineering human osteoblasts |
| title | Osteoblasts in a Perfusion Flow Bioreactor—Tissue Engineered Constructs of TiO<sub>2</sub> Scaffolds and Cells for Improved Clinical Performance |
| title_full | Osteoblasts in a Perfusion Flow Bioreactor—Tissue Engineered Constructs of TiO<sub>2</sub> Scaffolds and Cells for Improved Clinical Performance |
| title_fullStr | Osteoblasts in a Perfusion Flow Bioreactor—Tissue Engineered Constructs of TiO<sub>2</sub> Scaffolds and Cells for Improved Clinical Performance |
| title_full_unstemmed | Osteoblasts in a Perfusion Flow Bioreactor—Tissue Engineered Constructs of TiO<sub>2</sub> Scaffolds and Cells for Improved Clinical Performance |
| title_short | Osteoblasts in a Perfusion Flow Bioreactor—Tissue Engineered Constructs of TiO<sub>2</sub> Scaffolds and Cells for Improved Clinical Performance |
| title_sort | osteoblasts in a perfusion flow bioreactor tissue engineered constructs of tio sub 2 sub scaffolds and cells for improved clinical performance |
| topic | perfusion bioreactor synthetic bone scaffold wall shear stress fluid flow bone tissue engineering human osteoblasts |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/11/13/1995 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT mariaschroder osteoblastsinaperfusionflowbioreactortissueengineeredconstructsoftiosub2subscaffoldsandcellsforimprovedclinicalperformance AT janneelinreseland osteoblastsinaperfusionflowbioreactortissueengineeredconstructsoftiosub2subscaffoldsandcellsforimprovedclinicalperformance AT havardjosteinhaugen osteoblastsinaperfusionflowbioreactortissueengineeredconstructsoftiosub2subscaffoldsandcellsforimprovedclinicalperformance |