Reduced Graphene Oxide Modulates the FAK-Dependent Signaling Pathway in Glioblastoma Multiforme Cells In Vitro
Aggressive invasiveness is a common feature of malignant gliomas, despite their high level of tumor heterogeneity and possible diverse cell origins. Therefore, it is important to explore new therapeutic methods. In this study, we evaluated and compared the effects of graphene (GN) and reduced graphe...
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2022-08-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/15/17/5843 |
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| author | Jaroslaw Szczepaniak Malwina Sosnowska Mateusz Wierzbicki Olga Witkowska-Pilaszewicz Barbara Strojny-Cieslak Joanna Jagiello Wiktoria Fraczek Marcin Kusmierz Marta Grodzik |
| author_facet | Jaroslaw Szczepaniak Malwina Sosnowska Mateusz Wierzbicki Olga Witkowska-Pilaszewicz Barbara Strojny-Cieslak Joanna Jagiello Wiktoria Fraczek Marcin Kusmierz Marta Grodzik |
| author_sort | Jaroslaw Szczepaniak |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Aggressive invasiveness is a common feature of malignant gliomas, despite their high level of tumor heterogeneity and possible diverse cell origins. Therefore, it is important to explore new therapeutic methods. In this study, we evaluated and compared the effects of graphene (GN) and reduced graphene oxides (rGOs) on a highly invasive and neoplastic cell line, U87. The surface functional groups of the GN and rGO flakes were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The antitumor activity of these flakes was obtained by using the neutral red assay and their anti-migratory activity was determined using the wound healing assay. Further, we investigated the mRNA and protein expression levels of important cell adhesion molecules involved in migration and invasiveness. The rGO flakes, particularly rGO/ATS and rGO/TUD, were found highly toxic. The migration potential of both U87 and Hs5 cells decreased, especially after rGO/TUD treatment. A post-treatment decrease in mobility and FAK expression was observed in U87 cells treated with rGO/ATS and rGO/TUD flakes. The rGO/TUD treatment also reduced β-catenin expression in U87 cells. Our results suggest that rGO flakes reduce the migration and invasiveness of U87 tumor cells and can, thus, be used as potential antitumor agents. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T01:37:36Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-9478f85feb9b4b58b173adc17ca39558 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1944 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T01:37:36Z |
| publishDate | 2022-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Materials |
| spelling | doaj.art-9478f85feb9b4b58b173adc17ca395582023-11-23T13:31:07ZengMDPI AGMaterials1996-19442022-08-011517584310.3390/ma15175843Reduced Graphene Oxide Modulates the FAK-Dependent Signaling Pathway in Glioblastoma Multiforme Cells In VitroJaroslaw Szczepaniak0Malwina Sosnowska1Mateusz Wierzbicki2Olga Witkowska-Pilaszewicz3Barbara Strojny-Cieslak4Joanna Jagiello5Wiktoria Fraczek6Marcin Kusmierz7Marta Grodzik8Department of Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS-SGGW), 02-787 Warsaw, PolandDepartment of Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS-SGGW), 02-787 Warsaw, PolandDepartment of Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS-SGGW), 02-787 Warsaw, PolandDepartment of Large Animal Diseases and Clinic, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-787 Warsaw, PolandDepartment of Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS-SGGW), 02-787 Warsaw, PolandGraphene and Composites Research Group, Łukasiewicz Research Network-Institute of Microelectronics and Photonics, 01-919 Warsaw, PolandDepartment of Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS-SGGW), 02-787 Warsaw, PolandAnalytical Laboratory, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, 3 Maria Curie-Skłodowska Square, 20-031 Lublin, PolandDepartment of Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS-SGGW), 02-787 Warsaw, PolandAggressive invasiveness is a common feature of malignant gliomas, despite their high level of tumor heterogeneity and possible diverse cell origins. Therefore, it is important to explore new therapeutic methods. In this study, we evaluated and compared the effects of graphene (GN) and reduced graphene oxides (rGOs) on a highly invasive and neoplastic cell line, U87. The surface functional groups of the GN and rGO flakes were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The antitumor activity of these flakes was obtained by using the neutral red assay and their anti-migratory activity was determined using the wound healing assay. Further, we investigated the mRNA and protein expression levels of important cell adhesion molecules involved in migration and invasiveness. The rGO flakes, particularly rGO/ATS and rGO/TUD, were found highly toxic. The migration potential of both U87 and Hs5 cells decreased, especially after rGO/TUD treatment. A post-treatment decrease in mobility and FAK expression was observed in U87 cells treated with rGO/ATS and rGO/TUD flakes. The rGO/TUD treatment also reduced β-catenin expression in U87 cells. Our results suggest that rGO flakes reduce the migration and invasiveness of U87 tumor cells and can, thus, be used as potential antitumor agents.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/15/17/5843graphenereduced graphene oxideglioblastomaFAKβ-catenincell mobility |
| spellingShingle | Jaroslaw Szczepaniak Malwina Sosnowska Mateusz Wierzbicki Olga Witkowska-Pilaszewicz Barbara Strojny-Cieslak Joanna Jagiello Wiktoria Fraczek Marcin Kusmierz Marta Grodzik Reduced Graphene Oxide Modulates the FAK-Dependent Signaling Pathway in Glioblastoma Multiforme Cells In Vitro Materials graphene reduced graphene oxide glioblastoma FAK β-catenin cell mobility |
| title | Reduced Graphene Oxide Modulates the FAK-Dependent Signaling Pathway in Glioblastoma Multiforme Cells In Vitro |
| title_full | Reduced Graphene Oxide Modulates the FAK-Dependent Signaling Pathway in Glioblastoma Multiforme Cells In Vitro |
| title_fullStr | Reduced Graphene Oxide Modulates the FAK-Dependent Signaling Pathway in Glioblastoma Multiforme Cells In Vitro |
| title_full_unstemmed | Reduced Graphene Oxide Modulates the FAK-Dependent Signaling Pathway in Glioblastoma Multiforme Cells In Vitro |
| title_short | Reduced Graphene Oxide Modulates the FAK-Dependent Signaling Pathway in Glioblastoma Multiforme Cells In Vitro |
| title_sort | reduced graphene oxide modulates the fak dependent signaling pathway in glioblastoma multiforme cells in vitro |
| topic | graphene reduced graphene oxide glioblastoma FAK β-catenin cell mobility |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/15/17/5843 |
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