Effects of Selenium Yeast Addition on the Growth, Intestinal Health, Immune Status and Body Composition of Juvenile Sea Cucumber <i>Apostichopus japonicus</i> before and after Aestivation
This study was performed to investigate the effects of selenium yeast (Se-yeast) on the growth, intestinal health, immune status and body composition of juvenile <i>Apostichopus japonicus</i> before and after aestivation. Five experimental diets were formulated with increasing addition o...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2023-03-01
|
| Series: | Journal of Marine Science and Engineering |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/11/3/601 |
| _version_ | 1797610892985106432 |
|---|---|
| author | Rantao Zuo Xiangying Wu Ziyao Wang Xiaohui Zhou Yaqing Chang Zhilong Yang Zuqiang Huang Jun Ding |
| author_facet | Rantao Zuo Xiangying Wu Ziyao Wang Xiaohui Zhou Yaqing Chang Zhilong Yang Zuqiang Huang Jun Ding |
| author_sort | Rantao Zuo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study was performed to investigate the effects of selenium yeast (Se-yeast) on the growth, intestinal health, immune status and body composition of juvenile <i>Apostichopus japonicus</i> before and after aestivation. Five experimental diets were formulated with increasing addition of Se-yeast (0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 mg/kg), with the diet without Se-yeast as the control. Each diet was randomly assigned to three tanks of juvenile <i>A. japonicus</i> (initial body weight: 2.96 ± 0.04 g). The whole experiment lasted for 135 days, which included a 45-day feeding experiment before aestivation, a 60-day aestivation phage and a 30-day feeding experiment after aestivation. The results showed that weight gain rate (WGR) was significantly increased by the increasing addition of Se-yeast before aestivation. After aestivation, WGR was markedly elevated by 1.0 mg/kg Se-yeast but was inhibited by 1.5–2.0 mg/kg Se-yeast. The evisceration rate (ER) of <i>A. japonicus</i> was obviously inhibited by the relatively higher addition level of Se-yeast (1.5–2.0 mg/kg) before aestivation. After aestivation, the ER was significantly inhibited by Se-yeast at an addition of 1.5 mg/kg. Before aestivation, the highest activities of all digestive enzymes were obtained by Se-yeast addition at a level equal to or above 1.0 mg/kg Se-yeast. After aestivation, the activities of most digestive enzymes were maximized by Se-yeast at the addition level of no more than 1.0 mg/kg. Before aestivation, the activities of nitric oxide synthase and alkaline phosphatase significantly increased by the increasing addition of Se-yeast. After aestivation, immune related parameters exhibited the highest or comparable values when the addition level of Se-yeast was equal to or less than 1.0 mg/kg. Notably, the selenium content in the body wall of <i>A. japonicus</i> increased significantly as Se-yeast addition increased in the diets. These results showed that Se-yeast at the addition level of 1.5–2.0 mg/kg before aestivation and 1.0–1.5 mg/kg after aestivation was beneficial for the promotion of growth, intestinal health and immune status of juvenile <i>A. japonicus.</i> |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T06:20:18Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-9486134aee894f56bb60480de4a21947 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2077-1312 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T06:20:18Z |
| publishDate | 2023-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Marine Science and Engineering |
| spelling | doaj.art-9486134aee894f56bb60480de4a219472023-11-17T11:57:53ZengMDPI AGJournal of Marine Science and Engineering2077-13122023-03-0111360110.3390/jmse11030601Effects of Selenium Yeast Addition on the Growth, Intestinal Health, Immune Status and Body Composition of Juvenile Sea Cucumber <i>Apostichopus japonicus</i> before and after AestivationRantao Zuo0Xiangying Wu1Ziyao Wang2Xiaohui Zhou3Yaqing Chang4Zhilong Yang5Zuqiang Huang6Jun Ding7Key Laboratory of Mariculture and Stock Enhancement in North China’s Sea (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, ChinaKey Laboratory of Mariculture and Stock Enhancement in North China’s Sea (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, ChinaKey Laboratory of Mariculture and Stock Enhancement in North China’s Sea (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, ChinaHubei Key Laboratory of Yeast Function, Angel Yeast Co., Ltd., Yichang 443000, ChinaKey Laboratory of Mariculture and Stock Enhancement in North China’s Sea (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, ChinaAngel Yeast Co., Ltd., Yichang 443000, ChinaAngel Yeast Co., Ltd., Yichang 443000, ChinaKey Laboratory of Mariculture and Stock Enhancement in North China’s Sea (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, ChinaThis study was performed to investigate the effects of selenium yeast (Se-yeast) on the growth, intestinal health, immune status and body composition of juvenile <i>Apostichopus japonicus</i> before and after aestivation. Five experimental diets were formulated with increasing addition of Se-yeast (0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 mg/kg), with the diet without Se-yeast as the control. Each diet was randomly assigned to three tanks of juvenile <i>A. japonicus</i> (initial body weight: 2.96 ± 0.04 g). The whole experiment lasted for 135 days, which included a 45-day feeding experiment before aestivation, a 60-day aestivation phage and a 30-day feeding experiment after aestivation. The results showed that weight gain rate (WGR) was significantly increased by the increasing addition of Se-yeast before aestivation. After aestivation, WGR was markedly elevated by 1.0 mg/kg Se-yeast but was inhibited by 1.5–2.0 mg/kg Se-yeast. The evisceration rate (ER) of <i>A. japonicus</i> was obviously inhibited by the relatively higher addition level of Se-yeast (1.5–2.0 mg/kg) before aestivation. After aestivation, the ER was significantly inhibited by Se-yeast at an addition of 1.5 mg/kg. Before aestivation, the highest activities of all digestive enzymes were obtained by Se-yeast addition at a level equal to or above 1.0 mg/kg Se-yeast. After aestivation, the activities of most digestive enzymes were maximized by Se-yeast at the addition level of no more than 1.0 mg/kg. Before aestivation, the activities of nitric oxide synthase and alkaline phosphatase significantly increased by the increasing addition of Se-yeast. After aestivation, immune related parameters exhibited the highest or comparable values when the addition level of Se-yeast was equal to or less than 1.0 mg/kg. Notably, the selenium content in the body wall of <i>A. japonicus</i> increased significantly as Se-yeast addition increased in the diets. These results showed that Se-yeast at the addition level of 1.5–2.0 mg/kg before aestivation and 1.0–1.5 mg/kg after aestivation was beneficial for the promotion of growth, intestinal health and immune status of juvenile <i>A. japonicus.</i>https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/11/3/601<i>A. japonicus</i>sea cucumberselenium yeastgrowth performancedigestive enzymesevisceration rate |
| spellingShingle | Rantao Zuo Xiangying Wu Ziyao Wang Xiaohui Zhou Yaqing Chang Zhilong Yang Zuqiang Huang Jun Ding Effects of Selenium Yeast Addition on the Growth, Intestinal Health, Immune Status and Body Composition of Juvenile Sea Cucumber <i>Apostichopus japonicus</i> before and after Aestivation Journal of Marine Science and Engineering <i>A. japonicus</i> sea cucumber selenium yeast growth performance digestive enzymes evisceration rate |
| title | Effects of Selenium Yeast Addition on the Growth, Intestinal Health, Immune Status and Body Composition of Juvenile Sea Cucumber <i>Apostichopus japonicus</i> before and after Aestivation |
| title_full | Effects of Selenium Yeast Addition on the Growth, Intestinal Health, Immune Status and Body Composition of Juvenile Sea Cucumber <i>Apostichopus japonicus</i> before and after Aestivation |
| title_fullStr | Effects of Selenium Yeast Addition on the Growth, Intestinal Health, Immune Status and Body Composition of Juvenile Sea Cucumber <i>Apostichopus japonicus</i> before and after Aestivation |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effects of Selenium Yeast Addition on the Growth, Intestinal Health, Immune Status and Body Composition of Juvenile Sea Cucumber <i>Apostichopus japonicus</i> before and after Aestivation |
| title_short | Effects of Selenium Yeast Addition on the Growth, Intestinal Health, Immune Status and Body Composition of Juvenile Sea Cucumber <i>Apostichopus japonicus</i> before and after Aestivation |
| title_sort | effects of selenium yeast addition on the growth intestinal health immune status and body composition of juvenile sea cucumber i apostichopus japonicus i before and after aestivation |
| topic | <i>A. japonicus</i> sea cucumber selenium yeast growth performance digestive enzymes evisceration rate |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/11/3/601 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT rantaozuo effectsofseleniumyeastadditiononthegrowthintestinalhealthimmunestatusandbodycompositionofjuvenileseacucumberiapostichopusjaponicusibeforeandafteraestivation AT xiangyingwu effectsofseleniumyeastadditiononthegrowthintestinalhealthimmunestatusandbodycompositionofjuvenileseacucumberiapostichopusjaponicusibeforeandafteraestivation AT ziyaowang effectsofseleniumyeastadditiononthegrowthintestinalhealthimmunestatusandbodycompositionofjuvenileseacucumberiapostichopusjaponicusibeforeandafteraestivation AT xiaohuizhou effectsofseleniumyeastadditiononthegrowthintestinalhealthimmunestatusandbodycompositionofjuvenileseacucumberiapostichopusjaponicusibeforeandafteraestivation AT yaqingchang effectsofseleniumyeastadditiononthegrowthintestinalhealthimmunestatusandbodycompositionofjuvenileseacucumberiapostichopusjaponicusibeforeandafteraestivation AT zhilongyang effectsofseleniumyeastadditiononthegrowthintestinalhealthimmunestatusandbodycompositionofjuvenileseacucumberiapostichopusjaponicusibeforeandafteraestivation AT zuqianghuang effectsofseleniumyeastadditiononthegrowthintestinalhealthimmunestatusandbodycompositionofjuvenileseacucumberiapostichopusjaponicusibeforeandafteraestivation AT junding effectsofseleniumyeastadditiononthegrowthintestinalhealthimmunestatusandbodycompositionofjuvenileseacucumberiapostichopusjaponicusibeforeandafteraestivation |