Development of new reliability metrics for microgrids: Integrating renewable energy sources and battery energy storage system
Microgrids (MGs) are gaining popularity due to their ability to provide reliable and resilient power supply, especially when integrated with renewable energy sources (RESs) and battery energy storage systems (BESS). Reliability is a critical factor for MG owners and policy makers. However, existing...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2023-11-01
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| Series: | Energy Reports |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352484723012763 |
| _version_ | 1827400895542853632 |
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| author | Mohammadreza Gholami S.M. Muyeen Soad Abokhamis Mousavi |
| author_facet | Mohammadreza Gholami S.M. Muyeen Soad Abokhamis Mousavi |
| author_sort | Mohammadreza Gholami |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Microgrids (MGs) are gaining popularity due to their ability to provide reliable and resilient power supply, especially when integrated with renewable energy sources (RESs) and battery energy storage systems (BESS). Reliability is a critical factor for MG owners and policy makers. However, existing reliability indices such as loss of load expectation (LOLE) and expected energy not supplied (EENS) may not offer a comprehensive understanding of MG reliability and resiliency. To address this gap, this paper proposes three new indices for MGs to provide supplementary information on the performance of RESs: the Microgrid Resiliency Index (MRI), the Microgrid Renewable Energy Availability Index (MREAI), and the Microgrid Renewable Energy Energy Index (MREEI). The MRI assesses the MG’s ability to recover from interruptions, providing insights into its resiliency. The MREAI and MREEI offer additional information beyond LOLE and EENS, specifically highlighting the contribution of RESs to the availability and energy losses in the MG. These indices enable a more comprehensive assessment of MG reliability. The formulation for calculation of the indices are provided and applied to a MG with integrated solar photovoltaic (PV), wind turbine (WT), and BESS components. To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed indices in providing supplementary information on resiliency and the contribution of RESs, various scenarios are examined. These scenarios include the impact of using BESS, changes in RES availability, and variations in RES output. The results demonstrate that the proposed indices effectively capture the contribution of RES to MG reliability and offer valuable insights for decision-making related to RES installation. Also, by integrating BESS, the contribution of RESs to outage hours and lost energy is effectively decreased from 89.41% and 87.41% to 32.69% and 28.94% respectively. Additionally, results highlight the substantial enhancement in the resiliency of the MG, which witnessed an impressive 68.43% improvement. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T20:11:19Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-948a7943457f425eb7d5acbafd211a48 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2352-4847 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T20:11:19Z |
| publishDate | 2023-11-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Energy Reports |
| spelling | doaj.art-948a7943457f425eb7d5acbafd211a482023-12-23T05:21:35ZengElsevierEnergy Reports2352-48472023-11-011022512259Development of new reliability metrics for microgrids: Integrating renewable energy sources and battery energy storage systemMohammadreza Gholami0S.M. Muyeen1Soad Abokhamis Mousavi2Department of Electrical and Electronic, Faculty of Engineering, Final International University, Kyrenia 99320, TurkeyDepartment of Electrical Engineering, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar; Corresponding author.Faculty of Architecture and Fine Arts, Final International University, Kyrenia 99320, TurkeyMicrogrids (MGs) are gaining popularity due to their ability to provide reliable and resilient power supply, especially when integrated with renewable energy sources (RESs) and battery energy storage systems (BESS). Reliability is a critical factor for MG owners and policy makers. However, existing reliability indices such as loss of load expectation (LOLE) and expected energy not supplied (EENS) may not offer a comprehensive understanding of MG reliability and resiliency. To address this gap, this paper proposes three new indices for MGs to provide supplementary information on the performance of RESs: the Microgrid Resiliency Index (MRI), the Microgrid Renewable Energy Availability Index (MREAI), and the Microgrid Renewable Energy Energy Index (MREEI). The MRI assesses the MG’s ability to recover from interruptions, providing insights into its resiliency. The MREAI and MREEI offer additional information beyond LOLE and EENS, specifically highlighting the contribution of RESs to the availability and energy losses in the MG. These indices enable a more comprehensive assessment of MG reliability. The formulation for calculation of the indices are provided and applied to a MG with integrated solar photovoltaic (PV), wind turbine (WT), and BESS components. To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed indices in providing supplementary information on resiliency and the contribution of RESs, various scenarios are examined. These scenarios include the impact of using BESS, changes in RES availability, and variations in RES output. The results demonstrate that the proposed indices effectively capture the contribution of RES to MG reliability and offer valuable insights for decision-making related to RES installation. Also, by integrating BESS, the contribution of RESs to outage hours and lost energy is effectively decreased from 89.41% and 87.41% to 32.69% and 28.94% respectively. Additionally, results highlight the substantial enhancement in the resiliency of the MG, which witnessed an impressive 68.43% improvement.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352484723012763Battery energy storage systemExpected energy not supplyLoss of load expectationMicrogrid resiliencyMicrogrid reliability indices |
| spellingShingle | Mohammadreza Gholami S.M. Muyeen Soad Abokhamis Mousavi Development of new reliability metrics for microgrids: Integrating renewable energy sources and battery energy storage system Energy Reports Battery energy storage system Expected energy not supply Loss of load expectation Microgrid resiliency Microgrid reliability indices |
| title | Development of new reliability metrics for microgrids: Integrating renewable energy sources and battery energy storage system |
| title_full | Development of new reliability metrics for microgrids: Integrating renewable energy sources and battery energy storage system |
| title_fullStr | Development of new reliability metrics for microgrids: Integrating renewable energy sources and battery energy storage system |
| title_full_unstemmed | Development of new reliability metrics for microgrids: Integrating renewable energy sources and battery energy storage system |
| title_short | Development of new reliability metrics for microgrids: Integrating renewable energy sources and battery energy storage system |
| title_sort | development of new reliability metrics for microgrids integrating renewable energy sources and battery energy storage system |
| topic | Battery energy storage system Expected energy not supply Loss of load expectation Microgrid resiliency Microgrid reliability indices |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352484723012763 |
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