Sagittal balance of the cervical spine in children older than 4 years: what is the norm?
Objective. To search for normal parameters of the sagittal balance of the cervical spine in children, to analyze their dynamics in different periods of childhood, and to compare them with the norm given for the adult population. Material and Methods. To assess the parameters of the sagittal balance...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Ministry of Health of Russian Federation, Federal State Budgetary Institution "Novosibirsk Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics n.a. Ya.L. Tsivyan"
2022-12-01
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| Series: | Хирургия позвоночника |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.spinesurgery.ru/jour/article/view/1953/1947 |
| _version_ | 1827829742554841088 |
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| author | Dmitrii A. Glukhov Vyacheslav I. Zorin Yana A. Maltseva Aleksandr Yu. Mushkin |
| author_facet | Dmitrii A. Glukhov Vyacheslav I. Zorin Yana A. Maltseva Aleksandr Yu. Mushkin |
| author_sort | Dmitrii A. Glukhov |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Objective. To search for normal parameters of the sagittal balance of the cervical spine in children, to analyze their dynamics in different periods of childhood, and to compare them with the norm given for the adult population.
Material and Methods. To assess the parameters of the sagittal balance of the cervical spine, radiographs were selected that were initially evaluated by radiologists as a variant of the norm. The final sample consisted of 73 radiographs of 44 girls and 29 boys aged 4 to 17 years.
Digital radiographs were used to evaluate the 10 most common parameters presented in publications: the angular values of Oc–C2, C2–C7, C7S, Th1S, TIA, NT, CeT, CrT, SCA, as well as the cSVA distance measured in mm. The measurements were carried out independently by 3 specialists working with pediatric patients: an orthopedic surgeon (experience up to 5 years), an orthopedic surgeon (experience more than 15 years), and a radiologist specializing in skeletal pathology (experience more than 5 years). The obtained results were subjected to statistical processing.
Results. Using multivariate analysis of variance, the presence of a statistically significant difference in age was revealed only for cSVA, gender differences were revealed for 6 out of 10 parameters. Most of the parameters showed good and satisfactory agreement between specialists.
A very strong correlation was established between the parameters C7S and Th1S, which correlates with the adjacent position of the vertebrae. The C2–C7 and SCA parameters have a strong positive correlation with each other, the CeT parameter is strongly negatively correlated with both of them. The TIA has a strong negative correlation with SCA and a moderate positive correlation with NT, CeT, C7S, and Th1S. The cSVA and CrT values strongly correlate only with each other. Comparison of the obtained parameters of the sagittal balance in children with the data in scientific publications on the adult population revealed statistically significant differences in the values
of 6 out of 10 of them.
Conclusion. The age norms of the main parameters of the sagittal balance for children, and their gender differences were determined. Their difference from the normal parameters of the adult population was established, which requires that these features be taken into account
in clinical practice. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T04:11:06Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-948eb7484cd44b04971eb3beb8591b73 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1810-8997 2313-1497 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T04:11:06Z |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
| publisher | Ministry of Health of Russian Federation, Federal State Budgetary Institution "Novosibirsk Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics n.a. Ya.L. Tsivyan" |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Хирургия позвоночника |
| spelling | doaj.art-948eb7484cd44b04971eb3beb8591b732023-09-03T11:05:13ZengMinistry of Health of Russian Federation, Federal State Budgetary Institution "Novosibirsk Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics n.a. Ya.L. Tsivyan"Хирургия позвоночника1810-89972313-14972022-12-01194192910.14531/ss2022.4.19-29Sagittal balance of the cervical spine in children older than 4 years: what is the norm?Dmitrii A. Glukhov0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6880-8562Vyacheslav I. Zorin1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9712-5509Yana A. Maltseva2https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6230-7364Aleksandr Yu. Mushkin3https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1342-3278St. Petersburg Research Institute of Phthisiopulmonology, St. Petersburg, RussiaH. Turner National Medical Research Center for Сhildren’s Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, St. Petersburg, Russia; North-Western State Medical University n.a. I.I. Mechnikov, St. Petersburg, RussiaH. Turner National Medical Research Center for Сhildren’s Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, St. Petersburg, Russia; North-Western State Medical University n.a. I.I. Mechnikov, St. Petersburg, RussiaSt. Petersburg Research Institute of Phthisiopulmonology, St. Petersburg, Russia; Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, St. Petersburg, RussiaObjective. To search for normal parameters of the sagittal balance of the cervical spine in children, to analyze their dynamics in different periods of childhood, and to compare them with the norm given for the adult population. Material and Methods. To assess the parameters of the sagittal balance of the cervical spine, radiographs were selected that were initially evaluated by radiologists as a variant of the norm. The final sample consisted of 73 radiographs of 44 girls and 29 boys aged 4 to 17 years. Digital radiographs were used to evaluate the 10 most common parameters presented in publications: the angular values of Oc–C2, C2–C7, C7S, Th1S, TIA, NT, CeT, CrT, SCA, as well as the cSVA distance measured in mm. The measurements were carried out independently by 3 specialists working with pediatric patients: an orthopedic surgeon (experience up to 5 years), an orthopedic surgeon (experience more than 15 years), and a radiologist specializing in skeletal pathology (experience more than 5 years). The obtained results were subjected to statistical processing. Results. Using multivariate analysis of variance, the presence of a statistically significant difference in age was revealed only for cSVA, gender differences were revealed for 6 out of 10 parameters. Most of the parameters showed good and satisfactory agreement between specialists. A very strong correlation was established between the parameters C7S and Th1S, which correlates with the adjacent position of the vertebrae. The C2–C7 and SCA parameters have a strong positive correlation with each other, the CeT parameter is strongly negatively correlated with both of them. The TIA has a strong negative correlation with SCA and a moderate positive correlation with NT, CeT, C7S, and Th1S. The cSVA and CrT values strongly correlate only with each other. Comparison of the obtained parameters of the sagittal balance in children with the data in scientific publications on the adult population revealed statistically significant differences in the values of 6 out of 10 of them. Conclusion. The age norms of the main parameters of the sagittal balance for children, and their gender differences were determined. Their difference from the normal parameters of the adult population was established, which requires that these features be taken into account in clinical practice.https://www.spinesurgery.ru/jour/article/view/1953/1947cervical spinesagittal balancechildrenvertebrology |
| spellingShingle | Dmitrii A. Glukhov Vyacheslav I. Zorin Yana A. Maltseva Aleksandr Yu. Mushkin Sagittal balance of the cervical spine in children older than 4 years: what is the norm? Хирургия позвоночника cervical spine sagittal balance children vertebrology |
| title | Sagittal balance of the cervical spine in children older than 4 years: what is the norm? |
| title_full | Sagittal balance of the cervical spine in children older than 4 years: what is the norm? |
| title_fullStr | Sagittal balance of the cervical spine in children older than 4 years: what is the norm? |
| title_full_unstemmed | Sagittal balance of the cervical spine in children older than 4 years: what is the norm? |
| title_short | Sagittal balance of the cervical spine in children older than 4 years: what is the norm? |
| title_sort | sagittal balance of the cervical spine in children older than 4 years what is the norm |
| topic | cervical spine sagittal balance children vertebrology |
| url | https://www.spinesurgery.ru/jour/article/view/1953/1947 |
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