Analysis of the protective efficacy of approved COVID-19 vaccines against Omicron variants and the prospects for universal vaccines

By the end of 2022, different variants of Omicron had rapidly spread worldwide, causing a significant impact on the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic situation. Compared with previous variants of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS–CoV-2), these new variants of Omicron e...

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Main Authors: Keda Chen, Ling Zhang, Zhongbiao Fang, Jiaxuan Li, Chaonan Li, Wancheng Song, Zhiwei Huang, Ruyi Chen, Yanjun Zhang, Jianhua Li
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2023-11-01
Series:Frontiers in Immunology
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1294288/full
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author Keda Chen
Ling Zhang
Zhongbiao Fang
Jiaxuan Li
Chaonan Li
Wancheng Song
Zhiwei Huang
Ruyi Chen
Yanjun Zhang
Jianhua Li
author_facet Keda Chen
Ling Zhang
Zhongbiao Fang
Jiaxuan Li
Chaonan Li
Wancheng Song
Zhiwei Huang
Ruyi Chen
Yanjun Zhang
Jianhua Li
author_sort Keda Chen
collection DOAJ
description By the end of 2022, different variants of Omicron had rapidly spread worldwide, causing a significant impact on the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic situation. Compared with previous variants of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS–CoV-2), these new variants of Omicron exhibited a noticeable degree of mutation. The currently developed platforms to design COVID-19 vaccines include inactivated vaccines, mRNA vaccines, DNA vaccines, recombinant protein vaccines, virus-like particle vaccines, and viral vector vaccines. Many of these platforms have obtained approval from the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) or the WHO. However, the Omicron variants have spread in countries where vaccination has taken place; therefore, the number of cases has rapidly increased, causing concerns about the effectiveness of these vaccines. This article first discusses the epidemiological trends of the Omicron variant and reviews the latest research progress on available vaccines. Additionally, we discuss progress in the development progress and practical significance of universal vaccines. Next, we analyze the neutralizing antibody effectiveness of approved vaccines against different variants of Omicron, heterologous vaccination, and the effectiveness of multivalent vaccines in preclinical trials. We hope that this review will provide a theoretical basis for the design, development, production, and vaccination strategies of novel coronavirus vaccines, thus helping to end the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.
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spelling doaj.art-9498f50a2b2e4d6eb3851466358971622023-11-27T06:54:33ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242023-11-011410.3389/fimmu.2023.12942881294288Analysis of the protective efficacy of approved COVID-19 vaccines against Omicron variants and the prospects for universal vaccinesKeda Chen0Ling Zhang1Zhongbiao Fang2Jiaxuan Li3Chaonan Li4Wancheng Song5Zhiwei Huang6Ruyi Chen7Yanjun Zhang8Jianhua Li9Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, ChinaShulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, ChinaShulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, ChinaShulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, ChinaShulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, ChinaSchool of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, ChinaSchool of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, ChinaShulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, ChinaDepartment of Virus Inspection, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, ChinaDepartment of Virus Inspection, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, ChinaBy the end of 2022, different variants of Omicron had rapidly spread worldwide, causing a significant impact on the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic situation. Compared with previous variants of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS–CoV-2), these new variants of Omicron exhibited a noticeable degree of mutation. The currently developed platforms to design COVID-19 vaccines include inactivated vaccines, mRNA vaccines, DNA vaccines, recombinant protein vaccines, virus-like particle vaccines, and viral vector vaccines. Many of these platforms have obtained approval from the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) or the WHO. However, the Omicron variants have spread in countries where vaccination has taken place; therefore, the number of cases has rapidly increased, causing concerns about the effectiveness of these vaccines. This article first discusses the epidemiological trends of the Omicron variant and reviews the latest research progress on available vaccines. Additionally, we discuss progress in the development progress and practical significance of universal vaccines. Next, we analyze the neutralizing antibody effectiveness of approved vaccines against different variants of Omicron, heterologous vaccination, and the effectiveness of multivalent vaccines in preclinical trials. We hope that this review will provide a theoretical basis for the design, development, production, and vaccination strategies of novel coronavirus vaccines, thus helping to end the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1294288/fullSARS-CoV-2COVID-19Omicron variantsvaccine effectivenessconvergent evolutionuniversal vaccines
spellingShingle Keda Chen
Ling Zhang
Zhongbiao Fang
Jiaxuan Li
Chaonan Li
Wancheng Song
Zhiwei Huang
Ruyi Chen
Yanjun Zhang
Jianhua Li
Analysis of the protective efficacy of approved COVID-19 vaccines against Omicron variants and the prospects for universal vaccines
Frontiers in Immunology
SARS-CoV-2
COVID-19
Omicron variants
vaccine effectiveness
convergent evolution
universal vaccines
title Analysis of the protective efficacy of approved COVID-19 vaccines against Omicron variants and the prospects for universal vaccines
title_full Analysis of the protective efficacy of approved COVID-19 vaccines against Omicron variants and the prospects for universal vaccines
title_fullStr Analysis of the protective efficacy of approved COVID-19 vaccines against Omicron variants and the prospects for universal vaccines
title_full_unstemmed Analysis of the protective efficacy of approved COVID-19 vaccines against Omicron variants and the prospects for universal vaccines
title_short Analysis of the protective efficacy of approved COVID-19 vaccines against Omicron variants and the prospects for universal vaccines
title_sort analysis of the protective efficacy of approved covid 19 vaccines against omicron variants and the prospects for universal vaccines
topic SARS-CoV-2
COVID-19
Omicron variants
vaccine effectiveness
convergent evolution
universal vaccines
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1294288/full
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