Potential of spent fluid cracking catalyst (FCC) waste for low-carbon cement production. Effect of treatments to enhance reactivity
Spent fluid cracking catalyst (FCC) waste is produced to convert petroleum crude oil into gasoline, and its main component is a reactive zeolite known as faujasite. This paper studies low-energy treatments to enhance reactivity. When untreated, the spent FCC has outstanding activity, and a fast set...
| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2023-12-01
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| Series: | Cement |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666549223000270 |
| _version_ | 1797385031031717888 |
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| author | Z. Lei S. Pavia |
| author_facet | Z. Lei S. Pavia |
| author_sort | Z. Lei |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Spent fluid cracking catalyst (FCC) waste is produced to convert petroleum crude oil into gasoline, and its main component is a reactive zeolite known as faujasite. This paper studies low-energy treatments to enhance reactivity. When untreated, the spent FCC has outstanding activity, and a fast set which delivered significant strength (6–10 MPa) and a high mechanical index (MI=14). Calcination (up to 800 °C) is not enough to amorphize the faujasite and increase reactivity. However, NaOH-fusion is highly efficient. Even at low temperature (450 °C), NaOH-fusion breaks down the zeolite structure, dissolving Si4+ that forms cementing hydrates with high Ca/Si and Si/Al ratios which delivered high strengths. NaOH-fusion at 450 °C totally amorphized the zeolite resulting in high strength (9–13 MPa) and outstanding MI>22; superior to pozzolans, and closer to cementitious materials. Fusion at 600 °C reorganises some of the amorphous phase into a silicate whose hydrates provided the greatest strengths (over 16 MPa) and an outstanding MI of 24.Na2CO3-fusion at 600 °C did not alter the spent FCC but provided CO32− which formed calcite cements. These initially densified the matrix providing strength but lowered long-term strength and workability.Acid-etching partially dissolved spent FCC particles which improved early activity but caused a loss of soluble Si4+ and Al3+ that reduced the ultimate strength. Due to the low organic matter in the spent FCC, oxidation did not increase reactivity.The spent FCC is highly pozzolanic, it can safely reduce the embodied carbon of cements: concentrations of heavy metals are either traces or insignificant. Therefore, they can easily immobilise in a stable matrix. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T21:48:14Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-94a5cdd73125485eb69ef21916bca9be |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2666-5492 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T21:48:14Z |
| publishDate | 2023-12-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Cement |
| spelling | doaj.art-94a5cdd73125485eb69ef21916bca9be2023-12-20T07:38:46ZengElsevierCement2666-54922023-12-0114100081Potential of spent fluid cracking catalyst (FCC) waste for low-carbon cement production. Effect of treatments to enhance reactivityZ. Lei0S. Pavia1Department of Civil Engineering, University of Dublin Trinity College, IrelandCorresponding author.; Department of Civil Engineering, University of Dublin Trinity College, IrelandSpent fluid cracking catalyst (FCC) waste is produced to convert petroleum crude oil into gasoline, and its main component is a reactive zeolite known as faujasite. This paper studies low-energy treatments to enhance reactivity. When untreated, the spent FCC has outstanding activity, and a fast set which delivered significant strength (6–10 MPa) and a high mechanical index (MI=14). Calcination (up to 800 °C) is not enough to amorphize the faujasite and increase reactivity. However, NaOH-fusion is highly efficient. Even at low temperature (450 °C), NaOH-fusion breaks down the zeolite structure, dissolving Si4+ that forms cementing hydrates with high Ca/Si and Si/Al ratios which delivered high strengths. NaOH-fusion at 450 °C totally amorphized the zeolite resulting in high strength (9–13 MPa) and outstanding MI>22; superior to pozzolans, and closer to cementitious materials. Fusion at 600 °C reorganises some of the amorphous phase into a silicate whose hydrates provided the greatest strengths (over 16 MPa) and an outstanding MI of 24.Na2CO3-fusion at 600 °C did not alter the spent FCC but provided CO32− which formed calcite cements. These initially densified the matrix providing strength but lowered long-term strength and workability.Acid-etching partially dissolved spent FCC particles which improved early activity but caused a loss of soluble Si4+ and Al3+ that reduced the ultimate strength. Due to the low organic matter in the spent FCC, oxidation did not increase reactivity.The spent FCC is highly pozzolanic, it can safely reduce the embodied carbon of cements: concentrations of heavy metals are either traces or insignificant. Therefore, they can easily immobilise in a stable matrix.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666549223000270Fluid cracking catalyst (FCC)Spent FCC wasteReactivityLow-carbon cementPozzolanic activityChapelle test |
| spellingShingle | Z. Lei S. Pavia Potential of spent fluid cracking catalyst (FCC) waste for low-carbon cement production. Effect of treatments to enhance reactivity Cement Fluid cracking catalyst (FCC) Spent FCC waste Reactivity Low-carbon cement Pozzolanic activity Chapelle test |
| title | Potential of spent fluid cracking catalyst (FCC) waste for low-carbon cement production. Effect of treatments to enhance reactivity |
| title_full | Potential of spent fluid cracking catalyst (FCC) waste for low-carbon cement production. Effect of treatments to enhance reactivity |
| title_fullStr | Potential of spent fluid cracking catalyst (FCC) waste for low-carbon cement production. Effect of treatments to enhance reactivity |
| title_full_unstemmed | Potential of spent fluid cracking catalyst (FCC) waste for low-carbon cement production. Effect of treatments to enhance reactivity |
| title_short | Potential of spent fluid cracking catalyst (FCC) waste for low-carbon cement production. Effect of treatments to enhance reactivity |
| title_sort | potential of spent fluid cracking catalyst fcc waste for low carbon cement production effect of treatments to enhance reactivity |
| topic | Fluid cracking catalyst (FCC) Spent FCC waste Reactivity Low-carbon cement Pozzolanic activity Chapelle test |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666549223000270 |
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