Deep H i Mapping of Stephan’s Quintet and Its Neighborhood
We carried out deep mapping observations of the atomic hydrogen (H i ) 21 cm line emission in a field centered on the famous galaxy group Stephan's Quintet (SQ), using the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Telescope (FAST) equipped with a 19-beam receiver. The final data cube reaches an H i...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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IOP Publishing
2023-01-01
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| Series: | The Astrophysical Journal |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ace03e |
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| author | Cheng Cheng Cong Kevin Xu P. N. Appleton P.-A. Duc N.-Y. Tang Y.-S. Dai J.-S. Huang U. Lisenfeld F. Renaud Chuan He Hai-Cheng Feng |
| author_facet | Cheng Cheng Cong Kevin Xu P. N. Appleton P.-A. Duc N.-Y. Tang Y.-S. Dai J.-S. Huang U. Lisenfeld F. Renaud Chuan He Hai-Cheng Feng |
| author_sort | Cheng Cheng |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | We carried out deep mapping observations of the atomic hydrogen (H i ) 21 cm line emission in a field centered on the famous galaxy group Stephan's Quintet (SQ), using the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Telescope (FAST) equipped with a 19-beam receiver. The final data cube reaches an H i column density sensitivity of 5 σ = 2.1 × 10 ^17 cm ^−2 per 20 km s ^−1 channel with an angular resolution of 4.′0. The discovery of a large diffuse feature of the H i emission in the outskirts of the intragroup medium of SQ was reported in a previous paper (Xu et al.). Here we present a new study of the total H i emission of SQ and the detection of several neighboring galaxies, exploiting the high sensitivity and the large sky coverage of the FAST observations. A total H i mass of M _H I = 3.48 ± 0.35 × 10 ^10 M _☉ is found for SQ, which is significantly higher than previous measurements in the literature. This indicates that, contrary to earlier claims, SQ is not H i deficient. The excessive H i gas is mainly found in the velocity ranges of 6200–6400 km s ^−1 and 6800–7000 km s ^−1 , which were undetected in previous observations that are less sensitive than ours. Our results suggest that the “missing H i ” in compact groups may be hidden in the low-density diffuse neutral gas instead of in the ionized gas. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T13:14:32Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-94aae076e12f469fb60a126fe3c5799c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1538-4357 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T13:14:32Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | IOP Publishing |
| record_format | Article |
| series | The Astrophysical Journal |
| spelling | doaj.art-94aae076e12f469fb60a126fe3c5799c2024-01-18T09:41:16ZengIOP PublishingThe Astrophysical Journal1538-43572023-01-0195417410.3847/1538-4357/ace03eDeep H i Mapping of Stephan’s Quintet and Its NeighborhoodCheng Cheng0https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0202-0534Cong Kevin Xu1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1588-6700P. N. Appleton2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7607-8766P.-A. Duc3https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3343-6284N.-Y. Tang4https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2169-0472Y.-S. Dai5https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7928-416XJ.-S. Huang6https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6511-8745U. Lisenfeld7https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9471-5423F. Renaud8https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5073-2267Chuan He9https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1761-5442Hai-Cheng Feng10https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1530-2680Chinese Academy of Sciences South America Center for Astronomy , National Astronomical Observatories, CAS, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China ; xucong@nao.cas.cn; National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 20A Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, People's Republic Of China; CAS Key Laboratory of Optical Astronomy, National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100101, People's Republic of ChinaChinese Academy of Sciences South America Center for Astronomy , National Astronomical Observatories, CAS, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China ; xucong@nao.cas.cn; National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 20A Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, People's Republic Of ChinaCaltech/IPAC , MC 6-313, 1200 E. California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USAUniversité de Strasbourg , CNRS, Observatoire astronomique de Strasbourg, UMR 7550, F-67000 Strasbourg, FranceDepartment of Physics, Anhui Normal University , Wuhu, Anhui 241002, People's Republic of ChinaChinese Academy of Sciences South America Center for Astronomy , National Astronomical Observatories, CAS, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China ; xucong@nao.cas.cnChinese Academy of Sciences South America Center for Astronomy , National Astronomical Observatories, CAS, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China ; xucong@nao.cas.cn; Center for Astrophysics ∣ Harvard & Smithsonian , 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138 USADept. Física Teórica y del Cosmos, Campus de Fuentenueva, Edificio Mecenas, Universidad de Granada , E-18071 Granada, Spain; Instituto Carlos I de Física Tórica y Computacional , Facultad de Ciencias, E-18071 Granada, SpainDepartment of Astronomy and Theoretical Physics, Lund Observatory , Box 43, SE-221 00 Lund, SwedenChinese Academy of Sciences South America Center for Astronomy , National Astronomical Observatories, CAS, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China ; xucong@nao.cas.cnYunnan Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Kunming 650011, Yunnan, People’s Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China; Key Laboratory for the Structure and Evolution of Celestial Objects, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Kunming 650011, Yunnan, People’s Republic of ChinaWe carried out deep mapping observations of the atomic hydrogen (H i ) 21 cm line emission in a field centered on the famous galaxy group Stephan's Quintet (SQ), using the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Telescope (FAST) equipped with a 19-beam receiver. The final data cube reaches an H i column density sensitivity of 5 σ = 2.1 × 10 ^17 cm ^−2 per 20 km s ^−1 channel with an angular resolution of 4.′0. The discovery of a large diffuse feature of the H i emission in the outskirts of the intragroup medium of SQ was reported in a previous paper (Xu et al.). Here we present a new study of the total H i emission of SQ and the detection of several neighboring galaxies, exploiting the high sensitivity and the large sky coverage of the FAST observations. A total H i mass of M _H I = 3.48 ± 0.35 × 10 ^10 M _☉ is found for SQ, which is significantly higher than previous measurements in the literature. This indicates that, contrary to earlier claims, SQ is not H i deficient. The excessive H i gas is mainly found in the velocity ranges of 6200–6400 km s ^−1 and 6800–7000 km s ^−1 , which were undetected in previous observations that are less sensitive than ours. Our results suggest that the “missing H i ” in compact groups may be hidden in the low-density diffuse neutral gas instead of in the ionized gas.https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ace03eHickson compact groupGalaxy groupsH I line emission |
| spellingShingle | Cheng Cheng Cong Kevin Xu P. N. Appleton P.-A. Duc N.-Y. Tang Y.-S. Dai J.-S. Huang U. Lisenfeld F. Renaud Chuan He Hai-Cheng Feng Deep H i Mapping of Stephan’s Quintet and Its Neighborhood The Astrophysical Journal Hickson compact group Galaxy groups H I line emission |
| title | Deep H i Mapping of Stephan’s Quintet and Its Neighborhood |
| title_full | Deep H i Mapping of Stephan’s Quintet and Its Neighborhood |
| title_fullStr | Deep H i Mapping of Stephan’s Quintet and Its Neighborhood |
| title_full_unstemmed | Deep H i Mapping of Stephan’s Quintet and Its Neighborhood |
| title_short | Deep H i Mapping of Stephan’s Quintet and Its Neighborhood |
| title_sort | deep h i mapping of stephan s quintet and its neighborhood |
| topic | Hickson compact group Galaxy groups H I line emission |
| url | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ace03e |
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