Closed-loop modulation of local slow oscillations in human NREM sleep
Slow-wave sleep is the deep non-rapid eye-movement (NREM) sleep stage that is most relevant for the recuperative function of sleep. Its defining property is the presence of slow oscillations (<2 Hz) in the scalp electroencephalogram (EEG). Slow oscillations are generated by a synchronous back and...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2022-12-01
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| Series: | NeuroImage |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1053811922008035 |
| _version_ | 1811294386940542976 |
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| author | Simon Ruch Flavio Jean Schmidig Leona Knüsel Katharina Henke |
| author_facet | Simon Ruch Flavio Jean Schmidig Leona Knüsel Katharina Henke |
| author_sort | Simon Ruch |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Slow-wave sleep is the deep non-rapid eye-movement (NREM) sleep stage that is most relevant for the recuperative function of sleep. Its defining property is the presence of slow oscillations (<2 Hz) in the scalp electroencephalogram (EEG). Slow oscillations are generated by a synchronous back and forth between highly active UP-states and silent DOWN-states in neocortical neurons. Growing evidence suggests that closed-loop sensory stimulation targeted at UP-states of EEG-defined slow oscillations can enhance the slow oscillatory activity, increase sleep depth, and boost sleep's recuperative functions. However, several studies failed to replicate such findings. Failed replications might be due to the use of conventional closed-loop stimulation algorithms that analyze the signal from one single electrode and thereby neglect the fact that slow oscillations vary with respect to their origins, distributions, and trajectories on the scalp. In particular, conventional algorithms nonspecifically target functionally heterogeneous UP-states of distinct origins. After all, slow oscillations at distinct sites of the scalp have been associated with distinct functions. Here we present a novel EEG-based closed-loop stimulation algorithm that allows targeting UP- and DOWN-states of distinct cerebral origins based on topographic analyses of the EEG: the topographic targeting of slow oscillations (TOPOSO) algorithm. We present evidence that the TOPOSO algorithm can detect and target local slow oscillations with specific, predefined voltage maps on the scalp in real-time. When compared to a more conventional, single-channel-based approach, TOPOSO leads to fewer but locally more specific stimulations in a simulation study. In a validation study with napping participants, TOPOSO targets auditory stimulation reliably at local UP-states over frontal, sensorimotor, and centro-parietal regions. Importantly, auditory stimulation temporarily enhanced the targeted local state. However, stimulation then elicited a standard frontal slow oscillation rather than local slow oscillations. The TOPOSO algorithm is suitable for the modulation and the study of the functions of local slow oscillations. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T05:16:49Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-94b88db333de4fe79751bc96b9db5788 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1095-9572 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T05:16:49Z |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | NeuroImage |
| spelling | doaj.art-94b88db333de4fe79751bc96b9db57882022-12-22T03:00:52ZengElsevierNeuroImage1095-95722022-12-01264119682Closed-loop modulation of local slow oscillations in human NREM sleepSimon Ruch0Flavio Jean Schmidig1Leona Knüsel2Katharina Henke3Institute for Neuromodulation and Neurotechnology, Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University Hospital and University of Tuebingen, Otfried-Müller-Str. 45, Tübingen 72076, Germany; Cognitive Neuroscience of Memory and Consciousness, Institute of Psychology, University of Bern, Fabrikstrasse 8, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; Corresponding author at: Institute for Neuromodulation and Neurotechnology, Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University Hospital and University of Tuebingen, Otfried-Müller-Str. 45, Tübingen 72076, Germany.Cognitive Neuroscience of Memory and Consciousness, Institute of Psychology, University of Bern, Fabrikstrasse 8, 3012 Bern, SwitzerlandCognitive Neuroscience of Memory and Consciousness, Institute of Psychology, University of Bern, Fabrikstrasse 8, 3012 Bern, SwitzerlandCognitive Neuroscience of Memory and Consciousness, Institute of Psychology, University of Bern, Fabrikstrasse 8, 3012 Bern, SwitzerlandSlow-wave sleep is the deep non-rapid eye-movement (NREM) sleep stage that is most relevant for the recuperative function of sleep. Its defining property is the presence of slow oscillations (<2 Hz) in the scalp electroencephalogram (EEG). Slow oscillations are generated by a synchronous back and forth between highly active UP-states and silent DOWN-states in neocortical neurons. Growing evidence suggests that closed-loop sensory stimulation targeted at UP-states of EEG-defined slow oscillations can enhance the slow oscillatory activity, increase sleep depth, and boost sleep's recuperative functions. However, several studies failed to replicate such findings. Failed replications might be due to the use of conventional closed-loop stimulation algorithms that analyze the signal from one single electrode and thereby neglect the fact that slow oscillations vary with respect to their origins, distributions, and trajectories on the scalp. In particular, conventional algorithms nonspecifically target functionally heterogeneous UP-states of distinct origins. After all, slow oscillations at distinct sites of the scalp have been associated with distinct functions. Here we present a novel EEG-based closed-loop stimulation algorithm that allows targeting UP- and DOWN-states of distinct cerebral origins based on topographic analyses of the EEG: the topographic targeting of slow oscillations (TOPOSO) algorithm. We present evidence that the TOPOSO algorithm can detect and target local slow oscillations with specific, predefined voltage maps on the scalp in real-time. When compared to a more conventional, single-channel-based approach, TOPOSO leads to fewer but locally more specific stimulations in a simulation study. In a validation study with napping participants, TOPOSO targets auditory stimulation reliably at local UP-states over frontal, sensorimotor, and centro-parietal regions. Importantly, auditory stimulation temporarily enhanced the targeted local state. However, stimulation then elicited a standard frontal slow oscillation rather than local slow oscillations. The TOPOSO algorithm is suitable for the modulation and the study of the functions of local slow oscillations.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1053811922008035Slow-wave sleepNREMEEGClosed-loop stimulationLocal sleep |
| spellingShingle | Simon Ruch Flavio Jean Schmidig Leona Knüsel Katharina Henke Closed-loop modulation of local slow oscillations in human NREM sleep NeuroImage Slow-wave sleep NREM EEG Closed-loop stimulation Local sleep |
| title | Closed-loop modulation of local slow oscillations in human NREM sleep |
| title_full | Closed-loop modulation of local slow oscillations in human NREM sleep |
| title_fullStr | Closed-loop modulation of local slow oscillations in human NREM sleep |
| title_full_unstemmed | Closed-loop modulation of local slow oscillations in human NREM sleep |
| title_short | Closed-loop modulation of local slow oscillations in human NREM sleep |
| title_sort | closed loop modulation of local slow oscillations in human nrem sleep |
| topic | Slow-wave sleep NREM EEG Closed-loop stimulation Local sleep |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1053811922008035 |
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