Poor Host Status of Australian Finger Lime, <i>Citrus australasica</i>, to <i>Ceratitis capitata</i>, <i>Zeugodacus cucurbitae,</i> and <i>Bactrocera dorsalis</i> (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Hawai’i
We examined the host status of the Australian finger lime, <i>Citrus australiasica</i> F. Muell. (Rutaceae), to Hawai’i’s tephritid fruit fly pests using laboratory and field studies. In high-density (500 flies, 1:1 males and females) no-choice cage exposures (25 × 25 × 25-cm cage size),...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-02-01
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| Series: | Insects |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/13/2/177 |
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| author | Peter A. Follett Glenn Asmus Lindsey J. Hamilton |
| author_facet | Peter A. Follett Glenn Asmus Lindsey J. Hamilton |
| author_sort | Peter A. Follett |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | We examined the host status of the Australian finger lime, <i>Citrus australiasica</i> F. Muell. (Rutaceae), to Hawai’i’s tephritid fruit fly pests using laboratory and field studies. In high-density (500 flies, 1:1 males and females) no-choice cage exposures (25 × 25 × 25-cm cage size), both undamaged and punctured finger limes were infested by <i>Ceratitis capitata</i> and <i>Zeugodacus</i><i>cucurbitae</i> at a low rate compared to papaya controls, whereas <i>Bactrocera dorsalis</i> did not infest undamaged fruit, suggesting finger lime is a nonhost. In low-density (50 females) no-choice cage exposures, <i>C. capitata</i> and <i>Z. cucurbitae</i> readily oviposited in undamaged fruit but individuals rarely developed to the pupal or adult stage. For <i>C. capitata</i>, 274 finger limes exposed to 2000 gravid females, which laid an estimated 14,384 eggs, produced two pupae and no adults. For <i>Z. cucurbitae</i>, 299 fruit exposed to 2000 gravid females, which laid an estimated 4484 eggs, produced four pupae and one adult. Field sampling of undamaged fruit from the tree and off the ground from commercial farms produced five <i>C. capitata</i> pupa and one adult from 1119 fruit, for an infestation rate of 0.05 flies per kilogram of fruit; field collections found no natural <i>Z. cucurbitae</i> or <i>B. dorsalis</i> infestation, but the number of fruit available was too low to demonstrate nonhost status with a high degree of confidence. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T21:42:18Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-94bce68ca8c245b7b74d501cdad1ddc2 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-4450 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T21:42:18Z |
| publishDate | 2022-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Insects |
| spelling | doaj.art-94bce68ca8c245b7b74d501cdad1ddc22023-11-23T20:27:25ZengMDPI AGInsects2075-44502022-02-0113217710.3390/insects13020177Poor Host Status of Australian Finger Lime, <i>Citrus australasica</i>, to <i>Ceratitis capitata</i>, <i>Zeugodacus cucurbitae,</i> and <i>Bactrocera dorsalis</i> (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Hawai’iPeter A. Follett0Glenn Asmus1Lindsey J. Hamilton2USDA-ARS, Daniel K. Inouye U.S. Pacific Basin Agricultural Research Center, 64 Nowelo Street, Hilo, HI 96720, USAUSDA-ARS, Daniel K. Inouye U.S. Pacific Basin Agricultural Research Center, 64 Nowelo Street, Hilo, HI 96720, USAUSDA-ARS, Daniel K. Inouye U.S. Pacific Basin Agricultural Research Center, 64 Nowelo Street, Hilo, HI 96720, USAWe examined the host status of the Australian finger lime, <i>Citrus australiasica</i> F. Muell. (Rutaceae), to Hawai’i’s tephritid fruit fly pests using laboratory and field studies. In high-density (500 flies, 1:1 males and females) no-choice cage exposures (25 × 25 × 25-cm cage size), both undamaged and punctured finger limes were infested by <i>Ceratitis capitata</i> and <i>Zeugodacus</i><i>cucurbitae</i> at a low rate compared to papaya controls, whereas <i>Bactrocera dorsalis</i> did not infest undamaged fruit, suggesting finger lime is a nonhost. In low-density (50 females) no-choice cage exposures, <i>C. capitata</i> and <i>Z. cucurbitae</i> readily oviposited in undamaged fruit but individuals rarely developed to the pupal or adult stage. For <i>C. capitata</i>, 274 finger limes exposed to 2000 gravid females, which laid an estimated 14,384 eggs, produced two pupae and no adults. For <i>Z. cucurbitae</i>, 299 fruit exposed to 2000 gravid females, which laid an estimated 4484 eggs, produced four pupae and one adult. Field sampling of undamaged fruit from the tree and off the ground from commercial farms produced five <i>C. capitata</i> pupa and one adult from 1119 fruit, for an infestation rate of 0.05 flies per kilogram of fruit; field collections found no natural <i>Z. cucurbitae</i> or <i>B. dorsalis</i> infestation, but the number of fruit available was too low to demonstrate nonhost status with a high degree of confidence.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/13/2/177citrusnonhosttephritidaehost statusquarantine pestphytosanitary |
| spellingShingle | Peter A. Follett Glenn Asmus Lindsey J. Hamilton Poor Host Status of Australian Finger Lime, <i>Citrus australasica</i>, to <i>Ceratitis capitata</i>, <i>Zeugodacus cucurbitae,</i> and <i>Bactrocera dorsalis</i> (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Hawai’i Insects citrus nonhost tephritidae host status quarantine pest phytosanitary |
| title | Poor Host Status of Australian Finger Lime, <i>Citrus australasica</i>, to <i>Ceratitis capitata</i>, <i>Zeugodacus cucurbitae,</i> and <i>Bactrocera dorsalis</i> (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Hawai’i |
| title_full | Poor Host Status of Australian Finger Lime, <i>Citrus australasica</i>, to <i>Ceratitis capitata</i>, <i>Zeugodacus cucurbitae,</i> and <i>Bactrocera dorsalis</i> (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Hawai’i |
| title_fullStr | Poor Host Status of Australian Finger Lime, <i>Citrus australasica</i>, to <i>Ceratitis capitata</i>, <i>Zeugodacus cucurbitae,</i> and <i>Bactrocera dorsalis</i> (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Hawai’i |
| title_full_unstemmed | Poor Host Status of Australian Finger Lime, <i>Citrus australasica</i>, to <i>Ceratitis capitata</i>, <i>Zeugodacus cucurbitae,</i> and <i>Bactrocera dorsalis</i> (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Hawai’i |
| title_short | Poor Host Status of Australian Finger Lime, <i>Citrus australasica</i>, to <i>Ceratitis capitata</i>, <i>Zeugodacus cucurbitae,</i> and <i>Bactrocera dorsalis</i> (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Hawai’i |
| title_sort | poor host status of australian finger lime i citrus australasica i to i ceratitis capitata i i zeugodacus cucurbitae i and i bactrocera dorsalis i diptera tephritidae in hawai i |
| topic | citrus nonhost tephritidae host status quarantine pest phytosanitary |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/13/2/177 |
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