Exosomes-Based Nanomedicine for Neurodegenerative Diseases: Current Insights and Future Challenges
Neurodegenerative diseases constitute a group of pathologies whose etiology remains unknown in many cases, and there are no treatments that stop the progression of such diseases. Moreover, the existence of the blood–brain barrier is an impediment to the penetration of exogenous molecules, including...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2023-01-01
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| Series: | Pharmaceutics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/15/1/298 |
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| author | Amanda Cano Álvaro Muñoz-Morales Elena Sánchez-López Miren Ettcheto Eliana B. Souto Antonio Camins Mercè Boada Agustín Ruíz |
| author_facet | Amanda Cano Álvaro Muñoz-Morales Elena Sánchez-López Miren Ettcheto Eliana B. Souto Antonio Camins Mercè Boada Agustín Ruíz |
| author_sort | Amanda Cano |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Neurodegenerative diseases constitute a group of pathologies whose etiology remains unknown in many cases, and there are no treatments that stop the progression of such diseases. Moreover, the existence of the blood–brain barrier is an impediment to the penetration of exogenous molecules, including those found in many drugs. Exosomes are extracellular vesicles secreted by a wide variety of cells, and their primary functions include intercellular communication, immune responses, human reproduction, and synaptic plasticity. Due to their natural origin and molecular similarities with most cell types, exosomes have emerged as promising therapeutic tools for numerous diseases. Specifically, neurodegenerative diseases have shown to be a potential target for this nanomedicine strategy due to the difficult access to the brain and the strategy’s pathophysiological complexity. In this regard, this review explores the most important biological-origin drug delivery systems, innovative isolation methods of exosomes, their physicochemical characterization, drug loading, cutting-edge functionalization strategies to target them within the brain, the latest research studies in neurodegenerative diseases, and the future challenges of exosomes as nanomedicine-based therapeutic tools. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T11:26:45Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-94bfd27e65914acc89fc91c886d4457a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4923 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T11:26:45Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Pharmaceutics |
| spelling | doaj.art-94bfd27e65914acc89fc91c886d4457a2023-12-01T00:00:35ZengMDPI AGPharmaceutics1999-49232023-01-0115129810.3390/pharmaceutics15010298Exosomes-Based Nanomedicine for Neurodegenerative Diseases: Current Insights and Future ChallengesAmanda Cano0Álvaro Muñoz-Morales1Elena Sánchez-López2Miren Ettcheto3Eliana B. Souto4Antonio Camins5Mercè Boada6Agustín Ruíz7Ace Alzheimer Center Barcelona—International University of Catalunya (UIC), 08028 Barcelona, SpainAce Alzheimer Center Barcelona—International University of Catalunya (UIC), 08028 Barcelona, SpainBiomedical Research Networking Centre in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), 28029 Madrid, SpainBiomedical Research Networking Centre in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), 28029 Madrid, SpainDepartment of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, PortugalBiomedical Research Networking Centre in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), 28029 Madrid, SpainAce Alzheimer Center Barcelona—International University of Catalunya (UIC), 08028 Barcelona, SpainAce Alzheimer Center Barcelona—International University of Catalunya (UIC), 08028 Barcelona, SpainNeurodegenerative diseases constitute a group of pathologies whose etiology remains unknown in many cases, and there are no treatments that stop the progression of such diseases. Moreover, the existence of the blood–brain barrier is an impediment to the penetration of exogenous molecules, including those found in many drugs. Exosomes are extracellular vesicles secreted by a wide variety of cells, and their primary functions include intercellular communication, immune responses, human reproduction, and synaptic plasticity. Due to their natural origin and molecular similarities with most cell types, exosomes have emerged as promising therapeutic tools for numerous diseases. Specifically, neurodegenerative diseases have shown to be a potential target for this nanomedicine strategy due to the difficult access to the brain and the strategy’s pathophysiological complexity. In this regard, this review explores the most important biological-origin drug delivery systems, innovative isolation methods of exosomes, their physicochemical characterization, drug loading, cutting-edge functionalization strategies to target them within the brain, the latest research studies in neurodegenerative diseases, and the future challenges of exosomes as nanomedicine-based therapeutic tools.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/15/1/298exosomesextracellular vesiclesnanomedicinenanotechnologyneurodegenerative diseases |
| spellingShingle | Amanda Cano Álvaro Muñoz-Morales Elena Sánchez-López Miren Ettcheto Eliana B. Souto Antonio Camins Mercè Boada Agustín Ruíz Exosomes-Based Nanomedicine for Neurodegenerative Diseases: Current Insights and Future Challenges Pharmaceutics exosomes extracellular vesicles nanomedicine nanotechnology neurodegenerative diseases |
| title | Exosomes-Based Nanomedicine for Neurodegenerative Diseases: Current Insights and Future Challenges |
| title_full | Exosomes-Based Nanomedicine for Neurodegenerative Diseases: Current Insights and Future Challenges |
| title_fullStr | Exosomes-Based Nanomedicine for Neurodegenerative Diseases: Current Insights and Future Challenges |
| title_full_unstemmed | Exosomes-Based Nanomedicine for Neurodegenerative Diseases: Current Insights and Future Challenges |
| title_short | Exosomes-Based Nanomedicine for Neurodegenerative Diseases: Current Insights and Future Challenges |
| title_sort | exosomes based nanomedicine for neurodegenerative diseases current insights and future challenges |
| topic | exosomes extracellular vesicles nanomedicine nanotechnology neurodegenerative diseases |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/15/1/298 |
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