Dynamic analysis of non-revenue water in district metered areas under varying water consumption conditions owing to COVID-19
Increasing water demands and high water losses have rendered securing safe water challenging in the 21st century. Although non-revenue water (NRW), as a percentage of system input, has been commonly used by water utilities worldwide, in-depth analyses on the influence of water consumption fluctuatio...
| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2024-01-01
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| Series: | Heliyon |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844023107249 |
| _version_ | 1827367240506277888 |
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| author | Ashan Pathirane Shinobu Kazama Satoshi Takizawa |
| author_facet | Ashan Pathirane Shinobu Kazama Satoshi Takizawa |
| author_sort | Ashan Pathirane |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Increasing water demands and high water losses have rendered securing safe water challenging in the 21st century. Although non-revenue water (NRW), as a percentage of system input, has been commonly used by water utilities worldwide, in-depth analyses on the influence of water consumption fluctuation on NRW has never been conducted; instead, taking one-year average NRW volume has been recommended. Thus, this study analyzed the influence of water consumption fluctuation on NRW using the data of five district metered areas (DMAs) in Colombo City, Sri Lanka, and also by the network simulation analysis. The results showed that percentage and volumetric NRWs are strongly correlated with water consumption (r = 0.9373 and 0.9121, respectively) and with each other (r = 0.9977) due to pressure changes in water supply networks caused by water consumption fluctuation. Therefore, dynamic analysis of NRW by plotting DMA inflow and NRW against water consumption was conducted using the aforementioned DMA data and long-term (1956–2021) water consumption and NRW data in Tokyo. This method identified two factors influencing NRW: water consumption fluctuation and network leakage changes, and the results were verified; thus, it can be applied to NRW analysis even under the influence of high water consumption fluctuations. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T09:03:41Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-94c3190c8e1841a596ca1802e9689986 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2405-8440 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T09:03:41Z |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Heliyon |
| spelling | doaj.art-94c3190c8e1841a596ca1802e96899862024-02-01T06:32:14ZengElsevierHeliyon2405-84402024-01-01101e23516Dynamic analysis of non-revenue water in district metered areas under varying water consumption conditions owing to COVID-19Ashan Pathirane0Shinobu Kazama1Satoshi Takizawa2Department of Urban Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8654, JapanDepartment of Urban Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8654, JapanCorresponding author.; Department of Urban Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8654, JapanIncreasing water demands and high water losses have rendered securing safe water challenging in the 21st century. Although non-revenue water (NRW), as a percentage of system input, has been commonly used by water utilities worldwide, in-depth analyses on the influence of water consumption fluctuation on NRW has never been conducted; instead, taking one-year average NRW volume has been recommended. Thus, this study analyzed the influence of water consumption fluctuation on NRW using the data of five district metered areas (DMAs) in Colombo City, Sri Lanka, and also by the network simulation analysis. The results showed that percentage and volumetric NRWs are strongly correlated with water consumption (r = 0.9373 and 0.9121, respectively) and with each other (r = 0.9977) due to pressure changes in water supply networks caused by water consumption fluctuation. Therefore, dynamic analysis of NRW by plotting DMA inflow and NRW against water consumption was conducted using the aforementioned DMA data and long-term (1956–2021) water consumption and NRW data in Tokyo. This method identified two factors influencing NRW: water consumption fluctuation and network leakage changes, and the results were verified; thus, it can be applied to NRW analysis even under the influence of high water consumption fluctuations.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844023107249Billed water consumptionInfrastructure leakage indexUnavoidable real lossWater lossWater pressure |
| spellingShingle | Ashan Pathirane Shinobu Kazama Satoshi Takizawa Dynamic analysis of non-revenue water in district metered areas under varying water consumption conditions owing to COVID-19 Heliyon Billed water consumption Infrastructure leakage index Unavoidable real loss Water loss Water pressure |
| title | Dynamic analysis of non-revenue water in district metered areas under varying water consumption conditions owing to COVID-19 |
| title_full | Dynamic analysis of non-revenue water in district metered areas under varying water consumption conditions owing to COVID-19 |
| title_fullStr | Dynamic analysis of non-revenue water in district metered areas under varying water consumption conditions owing to COVID-19 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Dynamic analysis of non-revenue water in district metered areas under varying water consumption conditions owing to COVID-19 |
| title_short | Dynamic analysis of non-revenue water in district metered areas under varying water consumption conditions owing to COVID-19 |
| title_sort | dynamic analysis of non revenue water in district metered areas under varying water consumption conditions owing to covid 19 |
| topic | Billed water consumption Infrastructure leakage index Unavoidable real loss Water loss Water pressure |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844023107249 |
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