CuO Thin Films Functionalized with Gold Nanoparticles for Conductometric Carbon Dioxide Gas Sensing
Metal oxides (MOx) are a well-established material for gas sensing. MOx-based gas sensors are sensitive to a wide variety of gases. Furthermore, these materials can be applied for the fabrication of low-cost and -power consumption devices in mass production. The market of carbon dioxide (CO<inlin...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2018-11-01
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| Series: | Chemosensors |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9040/6/4/56 |
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| author | Robert Wimmer-Teubenbacher Florentyna Sosada-Ludwikowska Bernat Zaragoza Travieso Stefan Defregger Oeznur Tokmak Jan Steffen Niehaus Marco Deluca Anton Köck |
| author_facet | Robert Wimmer-Teubenbacher Florentyna Sosada-Ludwikowska Bernat Zaragoza Travieso Stefan Defregger Oeznur Tokmak Jan Steffen Niehaus Marco Deluca Anton Köck |
| author_sort | Robert Wimmer-Teubenbacher |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Metal oxides (MOx) are a well-established material for gas sensing. MOx-based gas sensors are sensitive to a wide variety of gases. Furthermore, these materials can be applied for the fabrication of low-cost and -power consumption devices in mass production. The market of carbon dioxide (CO<inline-formula> <math display="inline"> <semantics> <msub> <mrow></mrow> <mn>2</mn> </msub> </semantics> </math> </inline-formula>) gas sensors is mainly dominated by infra-red (IR)-based gas sensors. Only a few MOx materials show a sensitivity to CO<inline-formula> <math display="inline"> <semantics> <msub> <mrow></mrow> <mn>2</mn> </msub> </semantics> </math> </inline-formula> and so far, none of these materials have been integrated on CMOS platforms suitable for mass production. In this work, we report a cupric oxide (CuO) thin film-based gas sensor functionalized with gold (Au) nanoparticles, which exhibits exceptional sensitivity to CO<inline-formula> <math display="inline"> <semantics> <msub> <mrow></mrow> <mn>2</mn> </msub> </semantics> </math> </inline-formula>. The CuO-based gas sensors are fabricated by electron beam lithography, thermal evaporation and lift-off process to form patterned copper (Cu) structures. These structures are thermally oxidized to form a continuous CuO film. Gold nanoparticles are drop-coated on the CuO thin films to enhance their sensitivity towards CO<inline-formula> <math display="inline"> <semantics> <msub> <mrow></mrow> <mn>2</mn> </msub> </semantics> </math> </inline-formula>. The CuO thin films fabricated by this method are already sensitive to CO<inline-formula> <math display="inline"> <semantics> <msub> <mrow></mrow> <mn>2</mn> </msub> </semantics> </math> </inline-formula>; however, the functionalization of the CuO film strongly increases the sensitivity of the base material. Compared to the pristine CuO thin film the Au functionalized CuO film shows at equal operation temperatures (300 <inline-formula> <math display="inline"> <semantics> <msup> <mrow></mrow> <mo>∘</mo> </msup> </semantics> </math> </inline-formula>C) an increase of sensitivity towards the same gas concentration (e.g., 2000 ppm CO<inline-formula> <math display="inline"> <semantics> <msub> <mrow></mrow> <mn>2</mn> </msub> </semantics> </math> </inline-formula>) by a factor of 13. The process flow used to fabricate Au functionalized CuO gas sensors can be applied on CMOS platforms in specific post processing steps. |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T11:00:24Z |
| publishDate | 2018-11-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-94d4ba0f1f1149a0b1937e99d7ec0c3b2022-12-22T03:35:59ZengMDPI AGChemosensors2227-90402018-11-01645610.3390/chemosensors6040056chemosensors6040056CuO Thin Films Functionalized with Gold Nanoparticles for Conductometric Carbon Dioxide Gas SensingRobert Wimmer-Teubenbacher0Florentyna Sosada-Ludwikowska1Bernat Zaragoza Travieso2Stefan Defregger3Oeznur Tokmak4Jan Steffen Niehaus5Marco Deluca6Anton Köck7Materials Center Leoben Forschung GmbH, A-8700 Leoben, AustriaMaterials Center Leoben Forschung GmbH, A-8700 Leoben, AustriaMaterials Center Leoben Forschung GmbH, A-8700 Leoben, AustriaMaterials Center Leoben Forschung GmbH, A-8700 Leoben, AustriaFraunhofer-Institut für Angewandte Polymerforschung IAP-CAN, D-20146 Hamburg, GermanyFraunhofer-Institut für Angewandte Polymerforschung IAP-CAN, D-20146 Hamburg, GermanyMaterials Center Leoben Forschung GmbH, A-8700 Leoben, AustriaMaterials Center Leoben Forschung GmbH, A-8700 Leoben, AustriaMetal oxides (MOx) are a well-established material for gas sensing. MOx-based gas sensors are sensitive to a wide variety of gases. Furthermore, these materials can be applied for the fabrication of low-cost and -power consumption devices in mass production. The market of carbon dioxide (CO<inline-formula> <math display="inline"> <semantics> <msub> <mrow></mrow> <mn>2</mn> </msub> </semantics> </math> </inline-formula>) gas sensors is mainly dominated by infra-red (IR)-based gas sensors. Only a few MOx materials show a sensitivity to CO<inline-formula> <math display="inline"> <semantics> <msub> <mrow></mrow> <mn>2</mn> </msub> </semantics> </math> </inline-formula> and so far, none of these materials have been integrated on CMOS platforms suitable for mass production. In this work, we report a cupric oxide (CuO) thin film-based gas sensor functionalized with gold (Au) nanoparticles, which exhibits exceptional sensitivity to CO<inline-formula> <math display="inline"> <semantics> <msub> <mrow></mrow> <mn>2</mn> </msub> </semantics> </math> </inline-formula>. The CuO-based gas sensors are fabricated by electron beam lithography, thermal evaporation and lift-off process to form patterned copper (Cu) structures. These structures are thermally oxidized to form a continuous CuO film. Gold nanoparticles are drop-coated on the CuO thin films to enhance their sensitivity towards CO<inline-formula> <math display="inline"> <semantics> <msub> <mrow></mrow> <mn>2</mn> </msub> </semantics> </math> </inline-formula>. The CuO thin films fabricated by this method are already sensitive to CO<inline-formula> <math display="inline"> <semantics> <msub> <mrow></mrow> <mn>2</mn> </msub> </semantics> </math> </inline-formula>; however, the functionalization of the CuO film strongly increases the sensitivity of the base material. Compared to the pristine CuO thin film the Au functionalized CuO film shows at equal operation temperatures (300 <inline-formula> <math display="inline"> <semantics> <msup> <mrow></mrow> <mo>∘</mo> </msup> </semantics> </math> </inline-formula>C) an increase of sensitivity towards the same gas concentration (e.g., 2000 ppm CO<inline-formula> <math display="inline"> <semantics> <msub> <mrow></mrow> <mn>2</mn> </msub> </semantics> </math> </inline-formula>) by a factor of 13. The process flow used to fabricate Au functionalized CuO gas sensors can be applied on CMOS platforms in specific post processing steps.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9040/6/4/56metal oxidesgas sensorsCuOCO<sub>2</sub>CMOS integration |
| spellingShingle | Robert Wimmer-Teubenbacher Florentyna Sosada-Ludwikowska Bernat Zaragoza Travieso Stefan Defregger Oeznur Tokmak Jan Steffen Niehaus Marco Deluca Anton Köck CuO Thin Films Functionalized with Gold Nanoparticles for Conductometric Carbon Dioxide Gas Sensing Chemosensors metal oxides gas sensors CuO CO<sub>2</sub> CMOS integration |
| title | CuO Thin Films Functionalized with Gold Nanoparticles for Conductometric Carbon Dioxide Gas Sensing |
| title_full | CuO Thin Films Functionalized with Gold Nanoparticles for Conductometric Carbon Dioxide Gas Sensing |
| title_fullStr | CuO Thin Films Functionalized with Gold Nanoparticles for Conductometric Carbon Dioxide Gas Sensing |
| title_full_unstemmed | CuO Thin Films Functionalized with Gold Nanoparticles for Conductometric Carbon Dioxide Gas Sensing |
| title_short | CuO Thin Films Functionalized with Gold Nanoparticles for Conductometric Carbon Dioxide Gas Sensing |
| title_sort | cuo thin films functionalized with gold nanoparticles for conductometric carbon dioxide gas sensing |
| topic | metal oxides gas sensors CuO CO<sub>2</sub> CMOS integration |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9040/6/4/56 |
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