The Protective Mechanism of Deuterated Linoleic Acid Involves the Activation of the Ca<sup>2+</sup> Signaling System of Astrocytes in Ischemia In Vitro
Ischemia-like (oxygen-glucose deprivation, OGD) conditions followed by reoxygenation (OGD/R) cause massive death of cerebral cortex cells in culture as a result of the induction of necrosis and apoptosis. Cell death occurs as a result of an OGD-induced increase in Ca<sup>2+</sup> ions in...
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MDPI AG
2021-12-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/24/13216 |
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| author | Egor A. Turovsky Elena G. Varlamova Sergey V. Gudkov Egor Y. Plotnikov |
| author_facet | Egor A. Turovsky Elena G. Varlamova Sergey V. Gudkov Egor Y. Plotnikov |
| author_sort | Egor A. Turovsky |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Ischemia-like (oxygen-glucose deprivation, OGD) conditions followed by reoxygenation (OGD/R) cause massive death of cerebral cortex cells in culture as a result of the induction of necrosis and apoptosis. Cell death occurs as a result of an OGD-induced increase in Ca<sup>2+</sup> ions in the cytosol of neurons and astrocytes, an increase in the expression of genes encoding proapoptotic and inflammatory genes with suppression of protective genes. The deuterated form of linoleic polyunsaturated fatty acid (D4-Lnn) completely inhibits necrosis and greatly reduces apoptotic cell death with an increase in the concentration of fatty acid in the medium. It was shown for the first time that D4-Lnn, through the activation of the phosphoinositide calcium system of astrocytes, causes their reactivation, which correlates with the general cytoprotective effect on the cortical neurons and astrocytes in vitro. The mechanism of the cytoprotective action of D4-Lnn involves the inhibition of the OGD-induced calcium ions, increase in the cytosolic and reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction, the enhancement of the expression of protective genes, and the suppression of damaging proteins. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:57:39Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-94d89567462b4947b73c2cfc7421258a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:57:39Z |
| publishDate | 2021-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-94d89567462b4947b73c2cfc7421258a2023-11-23T08:42:57ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672021-12-0122241321610.3390/ijms222413216The Protective Mechanism of Deuterated Linoleic Acid Involves the Activation of the Ca<sup>2+</sup> Signaling System of Astrocytes in Ischemia In VitroEgor A. Turovsky0Elena G. Varlamova1Sergey V. Gudkov2Egor Y. Plotnikov3Federal Research Center “Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, Institute of Cell Biophysics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, RussiaFederal Research Center “Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, Institute of Cell Biophysics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, RussiaProkhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 38 Vavilove St., 119991 Moscow, RussiaA.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, RussiaIschemia-like (oxygen-glucose deprivation, OGD) conditions followed by reoxygenation (OGD/R) cause massive death of cerebral cortex cells in culture as a result of the induction of necrosis and apoptosis. Cell death occurs as a result of an OGD-induced increase in Ca<sup>2+</sup> ions in the cytosol of neurons and astrocytes, an increase in the expression of genes encoding proapoptotic and inflammatory genes with suppression of protective genes. The deuterated form of linoleic polyunsaturated fatty acid (D4-Lnn) completely inhibits necrosis and greatly reduces apoptotic cell death with an increase in the concentration of fatty acid in the medium. It was shown for the first time that D4-Lnn, through the activation of the phosphoinositide calcium system of astrocytes, causes their reactivation, which correlates with the general cytoprotective effect on the cortical neurons and astrocytes in vitro. The mechanism of the cytoprotective action of D4-Lnn involves the inhibition of the OGD-induced calcium ions, increase in the cytosolic and reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction, the enhancement of the expression of protective genes, and the suppression of damaging proteins.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/24/13216oxygen-glucose deprivationcell deathcortexastrocytecell protectionsignaling |
| spellingShingle | Egor A. Turovsky Elena G. Varlamova Sergey V. Gudkov Egor Y. Plotnikov The Protective Mechanism of Deuterated Linoleic Acid Involves the Activation of the Ca<sup>2+</sup> Signaling System of Astrocytes in Ischemia In Vitro International Journal of Molecular Sciences oxygen-glucose deprivation cell death cortex astrocyte cell protection signaling |
| title | The Protective Mechanism of Deuterated Linoleic Acid Involves the Activation of the Ca<sup>2+</sup> Signaling System of Astrocytes in Ischemia In Vitro |
| title_full | The Protective Mechanism of Deuterated Linoleic Acid Involves the Activation of the Ca<sup>2+</sup> Signaling System of Astrocytes in Ischemia In Vitro |
| title_fullStr | The Protective Mechanism of Deuterated Linoleic Acid Involves the Activation of the Ca<sup>2+</sup> Signaling System of Astrocytes in Ischemia In Vitro |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Protective Mechanism of Deuterated Linoleic Acid Involves the Activation of the Ca<sup>2+</sup> Signaling System of Astrocytes in Ischemia In Vitro |
| title_short | The Protective Mechanism of Deuterated Linoleic Acid Involves the Activation of the Ca<sup>2+</sup> Signaling System of Astrocytes in Ischemia In Vitro |
| title_sort | protective mechanism of deuterated linoleic acid involves the activation of the ca sup 2 sup signaling system of astrocytes in ischemia in vitro |
| topic | oxygen-glucose deprivation cell death cortex astrocyte cell protection signaling |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/24/13216 |
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