T Cells in Atherosclerosis: Key Players in the Pathogenesis of Vascular Disease
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by the accumulation of lipid-rich plaques within arterial walls. T cells play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis in which they help orchestrate immune responses and contribute to plaque development and instability. He...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-08-01
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| Series: | Cells |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/12/17/2152 |
| _version_ | 1797582746060587008 |
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| author | Hannah Hinkley Daniel A. Counts Elizabeth VonCanon Michael Lacy |
| author_facet | Hannah Hinkley Daniel A. Counts Elizabeth VonCanon Michael Lacy |
| author_sort | Hannah Hinkley |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by the accumulation of lipid-rich plaques within arterial walls. T cells play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis in which they help orchestrate immune responses and contribute to plaque development and instability. Here, we discuss the recognition of atherosclerosis-related antigens that may trigger T cell activation together with additional signaling from co-stimulatory molecules and lesional cytokines. Although few studies have indicated candidates for the antigen specificity of T cells in atherosclerosis, further research is needed. Furthermore, we describe the pro-atherogenic and atheroprotective roles of diverse subsets of T cells such as CD4<sup>+</sup> helper, CD8<sup>+</sup> cytotoxic, invariant natural killer, and γδ T cells. To classify and quantify T cell subsets in atherosclerosis, we summarize current methods to analyze cellular heterogeneity including single cell RNA sequencing and T cell receptor (TCR) sequencing. Further insights into T cell biology will help shed light on the immunopathology of atherosclerosis, inform potential therapeutic interventions, and pave the way for precision medicine approaches in combating cardiovascular disease. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T23:25:55Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-94e599eb32d84f37b565f1a1f4417633 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4409 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T23:25:55Z |
| publishDate | 2023-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Cells |
| spelling | doaj.art-94e599eb32d84f37b565f1a1f44176332023-11-19T07:57:57ZengMDPI AGCells2073-44092023-08-011217215210.3390/cells12172152T Cells in Atherosclerosis: Key Players in the Pathogenesis of Vascular DiseaseHannah Hinkley0Daniel A. Counts1Elizabeth VonCanon2Michael Lacy3Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USADepartment of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USADepartment of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USADepartment of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USAAtherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by the accumulation of lipid-rich plaques within arterial walls. T cells play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis in which they help orchestrate immune responses and contribute to plaque development and instability. Here, we discuss the recognition of atherosclerosis-related antigens that may trigger T cell activation together with additional signaling from co-stimulatory molecules and lesional cytokines. Although few studies have indicated candidates for the antigen specificity of T cells in atherosclerosis, further research is needed. Furthermore, we describe the pro-atherogenic and atheroprotective roles of diverse subsets of T cells such as CD4<sup>+</sup> helper, CD8<sup>+</sup> cytotoxic, invariant natural killer, and γδ T cells. To classify and quantify T cell subsets in atherosclerosis, we summarize current methods to analyze cellular heterogeneity including single cell RNA sequencing and T cell receptor (TCR) sequencing. Further insights into T cell biology will help shed light on the immunopathology of atherosclerosis, inform potential therapeutic interventions, and pave the way for precision medicine approaches in combating cardiovascular disease.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/12/17/2152T cellsatherosclerosisinflammationcardiovascular disease |
| spellingShingle | Hannah Hinkley Daniel A. Counts Elizabeth VonCanon Michael Lacy T Cells in Atherosclerosis: Key Players in the Pathogenesis of Vascular Disease Cells T cells atherosclerosis inflammation cardiovascular disease |
| title | T Cells in Atherosclerosis: Key Players in the Pathogenesis of Vascular Disease |
| title_full | T Cells in Atherosclerosis: Key Players in the Pathogenesis of Vascular Disease |
| title_fullStr | T Cells in Atherosclerosis: Key Players in the Pathogenesis of Vascular Disease |
| title_full_unstemmed | T Cells in Atherosclerosis: Key Players in the Pathogenesis of Vascular Disease |
| title_short | T Cells in Atherosclerosis: Key Players in the Pathogenesis of Vascular Disease |
| title_sort | t cells in atherosclerosis key players in the pathogenesis of vascular disease |
| topic | T cells atherosclerosis inflammation cardiovascular disease |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/12/17/2152 |
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