Optimization of the Continuous Galvanizing Heat Treatment Process in Ultra-High Strength Dual Phase Steels Using a Multivariate Model
The main process variables to produce galvanized dual phase (DP) steel sheets in continuous galvanizing lines are time and temperature of intercritical austenitizing (<i>t<sub>IA</sub></i> and <i>T<sub>IA</sub></i>), cooling rate (<i>CR<sub>...
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MDPI AG
2019-06-01
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| Series: | Metals |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/9/6/703 |
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| author | Patricia Costa Gerardo Altamirano Armando Salinas David S. González-González Frank Goodwin |
| author_facet | Patricia Costa Gerardo Altamirano Armando Salinas David S. González-González Frank Goodwin |
| author_sort | Patricia Costa |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The main process variables to produce galvanized dual phase (DP) steel sheets in continuous galvanizing lines are time and temperature of intercritical austenitizing (<i>t<sub>IA</sub></i> and <i>T<sub>IA</sub></i>), cooling rate (<i>CR<sub>1</sub></i>) after intercritical austenitizing, holding time at the galvanizing temperature (<i>t<sub>G</sub></i>) and finally the cooling rate (<i>CR<sub>2</sub></i>) to room temperature. In this research work, the effects of <i>CR<sub>1</sub></i>, <i>t<sub>G</sub></i> and <i>CR<sub>2</sub></i> on the ultimate tensile strength (<i>UTS</i>), yield strength (<i>YS</i>), and elongation (<i>EL</i>) of cold rolled low carbon steel were investigated by applying an experimental central composite design and a multivariate regression model. A multi-objective optimization and the Pareto Front were used for the optimization of the continuous galvanizing heat treatments. Typical thermal cycles applied for the production of continuous galvanized AHSS-DP strips were simulated in a quenching dilatometer using miniature tensile specimens. The experimental results of <i>UTS</i>, <i>YS</i> and <i>EL</i> were used to fit the multivariate regression model for the prediction of these mechanical properties from the processing parameters (<i>CR<sub>1</sub></i>, <i>t<sub>G</sub></i> and <i>CR<sub>2</sub></i>). In general, the results show that the proposed multivariate model correctly predicts the mechanical properties of <i>UTS</i>, <i>YS</i> and <i>%EL</i> for DP steels processed under continuous galvanizing conditions. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that the phase transformations that take place during the optimized <i>t<sub>G</sub></i> (galvanizing time) play a dominant role in determining the values of the mechanical properties of the DP steel. The production of hot-dip galvanized DP steels with a minimum tensile strength of 1100 MPa is possible by applying the proposed methodology. The results provide important scientific and technological knowledge about the annealing/galvanizing thermal cycle effects on the microstructure and mechanical properties of DP steels. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-21T08:16:57Z |
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| id | doaj.art-94e6670599b043f0b050b4bca7c04b9a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-4701 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-21T08:16:57Z |
| publishDate | 2019-06-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-94e6670599b043f0b050b4bca7c04b9a2022-12-21T19:10:32ZengMDPI AGMetals2075-47012019-06-019670310.3390/met9060703met9060703Optimization of the Continuous Galvanizing Heat Treatment Process in Ultra-High Strength Dual Phase Steels Using a Multivariate ModelPatricia Costa0Gerardo Altamirano1Armando Salinas2David S. González-González3Frank Goodwin4Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV), Unidad Saltillo, Zona Industrial, Ramos Arizpe C.P. 25903, MexicoInstituto Tecnológico de Saltillo. Blvd, Venustiano Carranza #2400, Col. Tecnológico, Saltillo C.P. 25280, MexicoCentro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV), Unidad Saltillo, Zona Industrial, Ramos Arizpe C.P. 25903, MexicoFacultad de Sistemas, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Ciudad Universitaria, Carretera a México Km 13, Arteaga, Coahuila, MexicoInternational Zinc Association, 2530 Meridian Parkway, Durham, NC 27713, USAThe main process variables to produce galvanized dual phase (DP) steel sheets in continuous galvanizing lines are time and temperature of intercritical austenitizing (<i>t<sub>IA</sub></i> and <i>T<sub>IA</sub></i>), cooling rate (<i>CR<sub>1</sub></i>) after intercritical austenitizing, holding time at the galvanizing temperature (<i>t<sub>G</sub></i>) and finally the cooling rate (<i>CR<sub>2</sub></i>) to room temperature. In this research work, the effects of <i>CR<sub>1</sub></i>, <i>t<sub>G</sub></i> and <i>CR<sub>2</sub></i> on the ultimate tensile strength (<i>UTS</i>), yield strength (<i>YS</i>), and elongation (<i>EL</i>) of cold rolled low carbon steel were investigated by applying an experimental central composite design and a multivariate regression model. A multi-objective optimization and the Pareto Front were used for the optimization of the continuous galvanizing heat treatments. Typical thermal cycles applied for the production of continuous galvanized AHSS-DP strips were simulated in a quenching dilatometer using miniature tensile specimens. The experimental results of <i>UTS</i>, <i>YS</i> and <i>EL</i> were used to fit the multivariate regression model for the prediction of these mechanical properties from the processing parameters (<i>CR<sub>1</sub></i>, <i>t<sub>G</sub></i> and <i>CR<sub>2</sub></i>). In general, the results show that the proposed multivariate model correctly predicts the mechanical properties of <i>UTS</i>, <i>YS</i> and <i>%EL</i> for DP steels processed under continuous galvanizing conditions. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that the phase transformations that take place during the optimized <i>t<sub>G</sub></i> (galvanizing time) play a dominant role in determining the values of the mechanical properties of the DP steel. The production of hot-dip galvanized DP steels with a minimum tensile strength of 1100 MPa is possible by applying the proposed methodology. The results provide important scientific and technological knowledge about the annealing/galvanizing thermal cycle effects on the microstructure and mechanical properties of DP steels.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/9/6/703dual phase steelhot dip galvanizing linemultivariate analysismulti-objective optimizationdilatometry |
| spellingShingle | Patricia Costa Gerardo Altamirano Armando Salinas David S. González-González Frank Goodwin Optimization of the Continuous Galvanizing Heat Treatment Process in Ultra-High Strength Dual Phase Steels Using a Multivariate Model Metals dual phase steel hot dip galvanizing line multivariate analysis multi-objective optimization dilatometry |
| title | Optimization of the Continuous Galvanizing Heat Treatment Process in Ultra-High Strength Dual Phase Steels Using a Multivariate Model |
| title_full | Optimization of the Continuous Galvanizing Heat Treatment Process in Ultra-High Strength Dual Phase Steels Using a Multivariate Model |
| title_fullStr | Optimization of the Continuous Galvanizing Heat Treatment Process in Ultra-High Strength Dual Phase Steels Using a Multivariate Model |
| title_full_unstemmed | Optimization of the Continuous Galvanizing Heat Treatment Process in Ultra-High Strength Dual Phase Steels Using a Multivariate Model |
| title_short | Optimization of the Continuous Galvanizing Heat Treatment Process in Ultra-High Strength Dual Phase Steels Using a Multivariate Model |
| title_sort | optimization of the continuous galvanizing heat treatment process in ultra high strength dual phase steels using a multivariate model |
| topic | dual phase steel hot dip galvanizing line multivariate analysis multi-objective optimization dilatometry |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/9/6/703 |
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