The Natural Products Targeting on Allergic Rhinitis: From Traditional Medicine to Modern Drug Discovery
More than 500 million people suffer from allergic rhinitis (AR) in the world. Current treatments include oral antihistamines and intranasal corticosteroids; however, they often cause side effects and are unsuitable for long-term exposure. Natural products could work as a feasible alternative, and th...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-09-01
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| Series: | Antioxidants |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/10/10/1524 |
| _version_ | 1797515513129074688 |
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| author | Suhyun Lim Iwah Jeong Jonghyeok Cho Chaewon Shin Kwan-Il Kim Bum-Sang Shim Seong-Gyu Ko Bonglee Kim |
| author_facet | Suhyun Lim Iwah Jeong Jonghyeok Cho Chaewon Shin Kwan-Il Kim Bum-Sang Shim Seong-Gyu Ko Bonglee Kim |
| author_sort | Suhyun Lim |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | More than 500 million people suffer from allergic rhinitis (AR) in the world. Current treatments include oral antihistamines and intranasal corticosteroids; however, they often cause side effects and are unsuitable for long-term exposure. Natural products could work as a feasible alternative, and this study aimed to review the efficacies and mechanisms of natural substances in AR therapies by examining previous literature. Fifty-seven studies were collected and classified into plants, fungi, and minerals decoction; clinical trials were organized separately. The majority of the natural products showed their efficacies by two mechanisms: anti-inflammation regulating diverse mediators and anti-oxidation controlling the activity of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NFκB) pathway stimulated by reactive oxygen species (ROS). The main AR factors modified by natural products included interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, IL-13, interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), and phospho-ERK1/2 (p-ERK1/2). Although further studies are required to verify their efficacies and safeties, natural products can significantly contribute to the treatment of AR. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T06:46:28Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-94e94508717d43a38ac764643a556746 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3921 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T06:46:28Z |
| publishDate | 2021-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Antioxidants |
| spelling | doaj.art-94e94508717d43a38ac764643a5567462023-11-22T17:15:16ZengMDPI AGAntioxidants2076-39212021-09-011010152410.3390/antiox10101524The Natural Products Targeting on Allergic Rhinitis: From Traditional Medicine to Modern Drug DiscoverySuhyun Lim0Iwah Jeong1Jonghyeok Cho2Chaewon Shin3Kwan-Il Kim4Bum-Sang Shim5Seong-Gyu Ko6Bonglee Kim7College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, KoreaCollege of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, KoreaCollege of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, KoreaCollege of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, KoreaDivision of Allergy, Immune and Respiratory System, Department of Internal Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, KoreaCollege of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, KoreaCollege of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, KoreaCollege of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, KoreaMore than 500 million people suffer from allergic rhinitis (AR) in the world. Current treatments include oral antihistamines and intranasal corticosteroids; however, they often cause side effects and are unsuitable for long-term exposure. Natural products could work as a feasible alternative, and this study aimed to review the efficacies and mechanisms of natural substances in AR therapies by examining previous literature. Fifty-seven studies were collected and classified into plants, fungi, and minerals decoction; clinical trials were organized separately. The majority of the natural products showed their efficacies by two mechanisms: anti-inflammation regulating diverse mediators and anti-oxidation controlling the activity of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NFκB) pathway stimulated by reactive oxygen species (ROS). The main AR factors modified by natural products included interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, IL-13, interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), and phospho-ERK1/2 (p-ERK1/2). Although further studies are required to verify their efficacies and safeties, natural products can significantly contribute to the treatment of AR.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/10/10/1524allergic rhinitisnatural productsantioxidantsinflammationinterleukinnuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells |
| spellingShingle | Suhyun Lim Iwah Jeong Jonghyeok Cho Chaewon Shin Kwan-Il Kim Bum-Sang Shim Seong-Gyu Ko Bonglee Kim The Natural Products Targeting on Allergic Rhinitis: From Traditional Medicine to Modern Drug Discovery Antioxidants allergic rhinitis natural products antioxidants inflammation interleukin nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells |
| title | The Natural Products Targeting on Allergic Rhinitis: From Traditional Medicine to Modern Drug Discovery |
| title_full | The Natural Products Targeting on Allergic Rhinitis: From Traditional Medicine to Modern Drug Discovery |
| title_fullStr | The Natural Products Targeting on Allergic Rhinitis: From Traditional Medicine to Modern Drug Discovery |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Natural Products Targeting on Allergic Rhinitis: From Traditional Medicine to Modern Drug Discovery |
| title_short | The Natural Products Targeting on Allergic Rhinitis: From Traditional Medicine to Modern Drug Discovery |
| title_sort | natural products targeting on allergic rhinitis from traditional medicine to modern drug discovery |
| topic | allergic rhinitis natural products antioxidants inflammation interleukin nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/10/10/1524 |
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