Ergogenic Benefits of β‐Hydroxy‐β‐Methyl Butyrate (HMB) Supplementation on Body Composition and Muscle Strength: An Umbrella Review of Meta‐Analyses
ABSTRACT Background β‐Hydroxy‐β‐methyl butyrate (HMB) is a metabolite of the amino acid leucine, known for its ergogenic effects on body composition and strength. Despite these benefits, the magnitude of these effects remains unclear due to variability among studies. This umbrella review aims to syn...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Wiley
2025-02-01
|
| Series: | Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1002/jcsm.13671 |
| _version_ | 1826577842115182592 |
|---|---|
| author | Mohammad Vesal Bideshki Mehrdad Behzadi Mehrdad Jamali Parsa Jamilian Meysam Zarezadeh Bahram Pourghassem Gargari |
| author_facet | Mohammad Vesal Bideshki Mehrdad Behzadi Mehrdad Jamali Parsa Jamilian Meysam Zarezadeh Bahram Pourghassem Gargari |
| author_sort | Mohammad Vesal Bideshki |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | ABSTRACT Background β‐Hydroxy‐β‐methyl butyrate (HMB) is a metabolite of the amino acid leucine, known for its ergogenic effects on body composition and strength. Despite these benefits, the magnitude of these effects remains unclear due to variability among studies. This umbrella review aims to synthesize meta‐analyses investigating the effects of HMB on body composition and muscle strength in adults. Methods A comprehensive literature search was conducted in Scopus, PubMed and Web of Science without date or language restrictions until August 2024. The study protocol was registered at Prospero (No. CRD42023402740). Included studies evaluated the effects of HMB supplementation on body mass, fat mass (FM), fat‐free mass (FFM), muscle mass and performance outcomes. Effect sizes (ESs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated, and a random‐effects model was used for meta‐analysis. Standard methods assessed heterogeneity, sensitivity and publication bias. The methodological quality of included studies was assessed using the AMSTAR2 tool. Results Eleven studies comprising 41 data sets were included, with participants aged 23–79 years. HMB supplementation significantly increased muscle mass (ES: 0.21; 95% CI: 0.06–0.35; p = 0.004), muscle strength index (ES: 0.27; 95% CI: 0.19–0.35; p < 0.001) and FFM (ES: 0.22; 95% CI: 0.11–0.34; p < 0.001). No significant changes were observed in FM (ES: 0.03; 95% CI: −0.04 to 0.35; p = 0.09) or body mass (ES: 0.09; 95% CI: −0.06 to 0.24; p = 0.22). The quality assessment revealed that five studies were of high quality, three were of low quality and three were of critically low quality. Conclusions HMB supplementation may benefit individuals experiencing muscular atrophy due to physiological conditions, particularly enhancing muscle mass and strength without significant changes in fat mass or body weight. |
| first_indexed | 2025-03-14T13:52:54Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-94ef47f2ba7f4ce19e5377d76b5aec4f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2190-5991 2190-6009 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-03-14T13:52:54Z |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle |
| spelling | doaj.art-94ef47f2ba7f4ce19e5377d76b5aec4f2025-02-27T10:36:46ZengWileyJournal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle2190-59912190-60092025-02-01161n/an/a10.1002/jcsm.13671Ergogenic Benefits of β‐Hydroxy‐β‐Methyl Butyrate (HMB) Supplementation on Body Composition and Muscle Strength: An Umbrella Review of Meta‐AnalysesMohammad Vesal Bideshki0Mehrdad Behzadi1Mehrdad Jamali2Parsa Jamilian3Meysam Zarezadeh4Bahram Pourghassem Gargari5Student Research Committee Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz IranStudent Research Committee, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz IranStudent Research Committee Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz IranSchool of Medicine Keele University Stafforshire UKStudent Research Committee Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz IranNutrition Research Center, Department of Biochemistry and Diet Therapy, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz IranABSTRACT Background β‐Hydroxy‐β‐methyl butyrate (HMB) is a metabolite of the amino acid leucine, known for its ergogenic effects on body composition and strength. Despite these benefits, the magnitude of these effects remains unclear due to variability among studies. This umbrella review aims to synthesize meta‐analyses investigating the effects of HMB on body composition and muscle strength in adults. Methods A comprehensive literature search was conducted in Scopus, PubMed and Web of Science without date or language restrictions until August 2024. The study protocol was registered at Prospero (No. CRD42023402740). Included studies evaluated the effects of HMB supplementation on body mass, fat mass (FM), fat‐free mass (FFM), muscle mass and performance outcomes. Effect sizes (ESs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated, and a random‐effects model was used for meta‐analysis. Standard methods assessed heterogeneity, sensitivity and publication bias. The methodological quality of included studies was assessed using the AMSTAR2 tool. Results Eleven studies comprising 41 data sets were included, with participants aged 23–79 years. HMB supplementation significantly increased muscle mass (ES: 0.21; 95% CI: 0.06–0.35; p = 0.004), muscle strength index (ES: 0.27; 95% CI: 0.19–0.35; p < 0.001) and FFM (ES: 0.22; 95% CI: 0.11–0.34; p < 0.001). No significant changes were observed in FM (ES: 0.03; 95% CI: −0.04 to 0.35; p = 0.09) or body mass (ES: 0.09; 95% CI: −0.06 to 0.24; p = 0.22). The quality assessment revealed that five studies were of high quality, three were of low quality and three were of critically low quality. Conclusions HMB supplementation may benefit individuals experiencing muscular atrophy due to physiological conditions, particularly enhancing muscle mass and strength without significant changes in fat mass or body weight.https://doi.org/10.1002/jcsm.13671body compositionfat‐free massHMBmuscle massumbrella meta‐analysisβ‐hydroxy‐β‐methyl butyrate |
| spellingShingle | Mohammad Vesal Bideshki Mehrdad Behzadi Mehrdad Jamali Parsa Jamilian Meysam Zarezadeh Bahram Pourghassem Gargari Ergogenic Benefits of β‐Hydroxy‐β‐Methyl Butyrate (HMB) Supplementation on Body Composition and Muscle Strength: An Umbrella Review of Meta‐Analyses Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle body composition fat‐free mass HMB muscle mass umbrella meta‐analysis β‐hydroxy‐β‐methyl butyrate |
| title | Ergogenic Benefits of β‐Hydroxy‐β‐Methyl Butyrate (HMB) Supplementation on Body Composition and Muscle Strength: An Umbrella Review of Meta‐Analyses |
| title_full | Ergogenic Benefits of β‐Hydroxy‐β‐Methyl Butyrate (HMB) Supplementation on Body Composition and Muscle Strength: An Umbrella Review of Meta‐Analyses |
| title_fullStr | Ergogenic Benefits of β‐Hydroxy‐β‐Methyl Butyrate (HMB) Supplementation on Body Composition and Muscle Strength: An Umbrella Review of Meta‐Analyses |
| title_full_unstemmed | Ergogenic Benefits of β‐Hydroxy‐β‐Methyl Butyrate (HMB) Supplementation on Body Composition and Muscle Strength: An Umbrella Review of Meta‐Analyses |
| title_short | Ergogenic Benefits of β‐Hydroxy‐β‐Methyl Butyrate (HMB) Supplementation on Body Composition and Muscle Strength: An Umbrella Review of Meta‐Analyses |
| title_sort | ergogenic benefits of β hydroxy β methyl butyrate hmb supplementation on body composition and muscle strength an umbrella review of meta analyses |
| topic | body composition fat‐free mass HMB muscle mass umbrella meta‐analysis β‐hydroxy‐β‐methyl butyrate |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1002/jcsm.13671 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT mohammadvesalbideshki ergogenicbenefitsofbhydroxybmethylbutyratehmbsupplementationonbodycompositionandmusclestrengthanumbrellareviewofmetaanalyses AT mehrdadbehzadi ergogenicbenefitsofbhydroxybmethylbutyratehmbsupplementationonbodycompositionandmusclestrengthanumbrellareviewofmetaanalyses AT mehrdadjamali ergogenicbenefitsofbhydroxybmethylbutyratehmbsupplementationonbodycompositionandmusclestrengthanumbrellareviewofmetaanalyses AT parsajamilian ergogenicbenefitsofbhydroxybmethylbutyratehmbsupplementationonbodycompositionandmusclestrengthanumbrellareviewofmetaanalyses AT meysamzarezadeh ergogenicbenefitsofbhydroxybmethylbutyratehmbsupplementationonbodycompositionandmusclestrengthanumbrellareviewofmetaanalyses AT bahrampourghassemgargari ergogenicbenefitsofbhydroxybmethylbutyratehmbsupplementationonbodycompositionandmusclestrengthanumbrellareviewofmetaanalyses |