<i>Panax ginseng</i> Fruit Has Anti-Inflammatory Effect and Induces Osteogenic Differentiation by Regulating Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling Pathway in In Vitro and In Vivo Models of Periodontitis
Periodontitis is an infectious inflammatory disease of tissues around teeth that destroys connective tissues and is characterized by the loss of periodontal ligaments and alveolar bone. A new treatment strategy is needed owing to the limitations of the current surgical treatment method and the side...
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MDPI AG
2020-12-01
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| Series: | Antioxidants |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/9/12/1221 |
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| author | Eun-Nam Kim Tae-Young Kim Eui Kyun Park Jae-Young Kim Gil-Saeng Jeong |
| author_facet | Eun-Nam Kim Tae-Young Kim Eui Kyun Park Jae-Young Kim Gil-Saeng Jeong |
| author_sort | Eun-Nam Kim |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Periodontitis is an infectious inflammatory disease of tissues around teeth that destroys connective tissues and is characterized by the loss of periodontal ligaments and alveolar bone. A new treatment strategy is needed owing to the limitations of the current surgical treatment method and the side effects of anti-inflammatory drugs. Therefore, here, we assessed whether <i>Panax ginseng</i> fruit extract (PGFE) is a new therapeutic agent for periodontitis in vitro and in vivo. According to the results, PGFE suppressed pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6, and pro-inflammatory mediators such as inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 through heme oxygenase-1 expression in human periodontal ligament cells stimulated with <i>Porphyromonas gingivalis</i> lipopolysaccharide (PG-LPS). In addition, the osteogenic induction of human periodontal ligament cells was inhibited by PG-LPS, and protein and mRNA levels of osteogenic markers such as alkaline phosphatase, collagen type 1 (COL1), osteopontin (OPN), and runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) were increased. The efficacy of PGFE for inhibiting periodontitis in vitro was demonstrated in a representative in vitro model of periodontitis induced by ligature and PG-LPS. Subsequently, hematoxylin and eosin staining and micro-computed tomography of the euthanized experimental animal model confirmed suppressed periodontal inflammation, which is an important strategy for treating periodontitis and for recovering the resulting alveolar bone loss. Therefore, PGFE is a potential, novel therapeutic agent for periodontal diseases. |
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| issn | 2076-3921 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T14:21:32Z |
| publishDate | 2020-12-01 |
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| series | Antioxidants |
| spelling | doaj.art-94f47e12a508439699fe30f3ff5dbdbd2023-11-20T23:20:26ZengMDPI AGAntioxidants2076-39212020-12-01912122110.3390/antiox9121221<i>Panax ginseng</i> Fruit Has Anti-Inflammatory Effect and Induces Osteogenic Differentiation by Regulating Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling Pathway in In Vitro and In Vivo Models of PeriodontitisEun-Nam Kim0Tae-Young Kim1Eui Kyun Park2Jae-Young Kim3Gil-Saeng Jeong4College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, 1095 Dalgubeol-daero, Daegu 42601, KoreaDepartment of Biochemistry, School of Dentistry, IHBR, Kyungpook National University, 2177, Dalgubeol-daero, Jung-gu, Daegu 41940, KoreaDepartments of Oral Pathology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41940, KoreaDepartment of Biochemistry, School of Dentistry, IHBR, Kyungpook National University, 2177, Dalgubeol-daero, Jung-gu, Daegu 41940, KoreaCollege of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, 1095 Dalgubeol-daero, Daegu 42601, KoreaPeriodontitis is an infectious inflammatory disease of tissues around teeth that destroys connective tissues and is characterized by the loss of periodontal ligaments and alveolar bone. A new treatment strategy is needed owing to the limitations of the current surgical treatment method and the side effects of anti-inflammatory drugs. Therefore, here, we assessed whether <i>Panax ginseng</i> fruit extract (PGFE) is a new therapeutic agent for periodontitis in vitro and in vivo. According to the results, PGFE suppressed pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6, and pro-inflammatory mediators such as inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 through heme oxygenase-1 expression in human periodontal ligament cells stimulated with <i>Porphyromonas gingivalis</i> lipopolysaccharide (PG-LPS). In addition, the osteogenic induction of human periodontal ligament cells was inhibited by PG-LPS, and protein and mRNA levels of osteogenic markers such as alkaline phosphatase, collagen type 1 (COL1), osteopontin (OPN), and runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) were increased. The efficacy of PGFE for inhibiting periodontitis in vitro was demonstrated in a representative in vitro model of periodontitis induced by ligature and PG-LPS. Subsequently, hematoxylin and eosin staining and micro-computed tomography of the euthanized experimental animal model confirmed suppressed periodontal inflammation, which is an important strategy for treating periodontitis and for recovering the resulting alveolar bone loss. Therefore, PGFE is a potential, novel therapeutic agent for periodontal diseases.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/9/12/1221periodontitis<i>Porphyromonas gingivalis</i>heme oxygenase-1<i>Panax ginseng</i> fruit extractosteogenic differentiation |
| spellingShingle | Eun-Nam Kim Tae-Young Kim Eui Kyun Park Jae-Young Kim Gil-Saeng Jeong <i>Panax ginseng</i> Fruit Has Anti-Inflammatory Effect and Induces Osteogenic Differentiation by Regulating Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling Pathway in In Vitro and In Vivo Models of Periodontitis Antioxidants periodontitis <i>Porphyromonas gingivalis</i> heme oxygenase-1 <i>Panax ginseng</i> fruit extract osteogenic differentiation |
| title | <i>Panax ginseng</i> Fruit Has Anti-Inflammatory Effect and Induces Osteogenic Differentiation by Regulating Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling Pathway in In Vitro and In Vivo Models of Periodontitis |
| title_full | <i>Panax ginseng</i> Fruit Has Anti-Inflammatory Effect and Induces Osteogenic Differentiation by Regulating Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling Pathway in In Vitro and In Vivo Models of Periodontitis |
| title_fullStr | <i>Panax ginseng</i> Fruit Has Anti-Inflammatory Effect and Induces Osteogenic Differentiation by Regulating Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling Pathway in In Vitro and In Vivo Models of Periodontitis |
| title_full_unstemmed | <i>Panax ginseng</i> Fruit Has Anti-Inflammatory Effect and Induces Osteogenic Differentiation by Regulating Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling Pathway in In Vitro and In Vivo Models of Periodontitis |
| title_short | <i>Panax ginseng</i> Fruit Has Anti-Inflammatory Effect and Induces Osteogenic Differentiation by Regulating Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling Pathway in In Vitro and In Vivo Models of Periodontitis |
| title_sort | i panax ginseng i fruit has anti inflammatory effect and induces osteogenic differentiation by regulating nrf2 ho 1 signaling pathway in in vitro and in vivo models of periodontitis |
| topic | periodontitis <i>Porphyromonas gingivalis</i> heme oxygenase-1 <i>Panax ginseng</i> fruit extract osteogenic differentiation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/9/12/1221 |
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