N6-Acetyl-L-Lysine and p-Cresol as Key Metabolites in the Pathogenesis of COVID-19 in Obese Patients
Despite the growing number of the vaccinated population, COVID-19, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), remains a global health burden. Obesity, a metabolic syndrome affecting one-third of the population, has proven to be a major risk factor for COVID-19 severe...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-05-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Immunology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2022.827603/full |
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| author | Nour Jalaleddine Mahmood Hachim Hamza Al-Hroub Hamza Al-Hroub Narjes Saheb Sharif-Askari Abiola Senok Adel Elmoselhi Bassam Mahboub Bassam Mahboub Nimmi Moni Samuel Kurien Richard K. Kandasamy Richard K. Kandasamy Mohammad H. Semreen Mohammad H. Semreen Rabih Halwani Rabih Halwani Rabih Halwani Nelson C. Soares Nelson C. Soares Saba Al Heialy Saba Al Heialy |
| author_facet | Nour Jalaleddine Mahmood Hachim Hamza Al-Hroub Hamza Al-Hroub Narjes Saheb Sharif-Askari Abiola Senok Adel Elmoselhi Bassam Mahboub Bassam Mahboub Nimmi Moni Samuel Kurien Richard K. Kandasamy Richard K. Kandasamy Mohammad H. Semreen Mohammad H. Semreen Rabih Halwani Rabih Halwani Rabih Halwani Nelson C. Soares Nelson C. Soares Saba Al Heialy Saba Al Heialy |
| author_sort | Nour Jalaleddine |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Despite the growing number of the vaccinated population, COVID-19, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), remains a global health burden. Obesity, a metabolic syndrome affecting one-third of the population, has proven to be a major risk factor for COVID-19 severe complications. Several studies have identified metabolic signatures and disrupted metabolic pathways associated with COVID-19, however there are no reports evaluating the role of obesity in the COVID-19 metabolic regulation. In this study we highlight the involvement of obesity metabolically in affecting SARS-CoV-2 infection and the consequent health complications, mainly cardiovascular disease. We measured one hundred and forty-four (144) metabolites using ultra high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF-MS) to identify metabolic changes in response to SARS-CoV-2 infection, in lean and obese COVID-19 positive (n=82) and COVID-19 negative (n=24) patients. The identified metabolites are found to be mainly correlating with glucose, energy and steroid metabolisms. Further data analysis indicated twelve (12) significantly yet differentially abundant metabolites associated with viral infection and health complications, in COVID-19 obese patients. Two of the detected metabolites, n6-acetyl-l-lysine and p-cresol, are detected only among the COVID-19 cohort, exhibiting significantly higher levels in COVID-19 obese patients when compared to COVID-19 lean patients. These metabolites have important roles in viral entry and could explain the increased susceptibility of obese patients. On the same note, a set of six metabolites associated with antiviral and anti-inflammatory functions displayed significantly lower abundance in COVID-19 obese patients. In conclusion, this report highlights the plasma metabolome of COVID-19 obese patients as a metabolic feature and signature to help improve clinical outcomes. We propose n6-acetyl-l-lysine and p-cresol as potential metabolic markers which warrant further investigations to better understand their involvement in different metabolic pathways in COVID-19. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-14T00:21:55Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-94f5202f09da4dc49bd7cb9c79c7f31e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-3224 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-14T00:21:55Z |
| publishDate | 2022-05-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Immunology |
| spelling | doaj.art-94f5202f09da4dc49bd7cb9c79c7f31e2022-12-22T02:22:54ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242022-05-011310.3389/fimmu.2022.827603827603N6-Acetyl-L-Lysine and p-Cresol as Key Metabolites in the Pathogenesis of COVID-19 in Obese PatientsNour Jalaleddine0Mahmood Hachim1Hamza Al-Hroub2Hamza Al-Hroub3Narjes Saheb Sharif-Askari4Abiola Senok5Adel Elmoselhi6Bassam Mahboub7Bassam Mahboub8Nimmi Moni Samuel Kurien9Richard K. Kandasamy10Richard K. Kandasamy11Mohammad H. Semreen12Mohammad H. Semreen13Rabih Halwani14Rabih Halwani15Rabih Halwani16Nelson C. Soares17Nelson C. Soares18Saba Al Heialy19Saba Al Heialy20College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab EmiratesCollege of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab EmiratesSharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab EmiratesDepartment of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab EmiratesSharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab EmiratesCollege of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab EmiratesSharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab EmiratesSharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab EmiratesDepartment of Pulmonary Medicine and Allergy and Sleep Medicine, Rashid Hospital, Dubai Health Authority, Dubai, United Arab EmiratesDepartment of Pulmonary Medicine and Allergy and Sleep Medicine, Rashid Hospital, Dubai Health Authority, Dubai, United Arab EmiratesCollege of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab EmiratesCentre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR), and Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (IKOM), Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, NorwaySharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab EmiratesDepartment of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab EmiratesSharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab EmiratesPrince Abdullah Ben Khaled Celiac Disease Research Chair, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab EmiratesSharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab EmiratesDepartment of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab EmiratesCollege of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab EmiratesMeakins-Christie Laboratories, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC, CanadaDespite the growing number of the vaccinated population, COVID-19, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), remains a global health burden. Obesity, a metabolic syndrome affecting one-third of the population, has proven to be a major risk factor for COVID-19 severe complications. Several studies have identified metabolic signatures and disrupted metabolic pathways associated with COVID-19, however there are no reports evaluating the role of obesity in the COVID-19 metabolic regulation. In this study we highlight the involvement of obesity metabolically in affecting SARS-CoV-2 infection and the consequent health complications, mainly cardiovascular disease. We measured one hundred and forty-four (144) metabolites using ultra high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF-MS) to identify metabolic changes in response to SARS-CoV-2 infection, in lean and obese COVID-19 positive (n=82) and COVID-19 negative (n=24) patients. The identified metabolites are found to be mainly correlating with glucose, energy and steroid metabolisms. Further data analysis indicated twelve (12) significantly yet differentially abundant metabolites associated with viral infection and health complications, in COVID-19 obese patients. Two of the detected metabolites, n6-acetyl-l-lysine and p-cresol, are detected only among the COVID-19 cohort, exhibiting significantly higher levels in COVID-19 obese patients when compared to COVID-19 lean patients. These metabolites have important roles in viral entry and could explain the increased susceptibility of obese patients. On the same note, a set of six metabolites associated with antiviral and anti-inflammatory functions displayed significantly lower abundance in COVID-19 obese patients. In conclusion, this report highlights the plasma metabolome of COVID-19 obese patients as a metabolic feature and signature to help improve clinical outcomes. We propose n6-acetyl-l-lysine and p-cresol as potential metabolic markers which warrant further investigations to better understand their involvement in different metabolic pathways in COVID-19.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2022.827603/fullSARS-CoV-2COVID-19obesitymetabolomicsultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry |
| spellingShingle | Nour Jalaleddine Mahmood Hachim Hamza Al-Hroub Hamza Al-Hroub Narjes Saheb Sharif-Askari Abiola Senok Adel Elmoselhi Bassam Mahboub Bassam Mahboub Nimmi Moni Samuel Kurien Richard K. Kandasamy Richard K. Kandasamy Mohammad H. Semreen Mohammad H. Semreen Rabih Halwani Rabih Halwani Rabih Halwani Nelson C. Soares Nelson C. Soares Saba Al Heialy Saba Al Heialy N6-Acetyl-L-Lysine and p-Cresol as Key Metabolites in the Pathogenesis of COVID-19 in Obese Patients Frontiers in Immunology SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 obesity metabolomics ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry |
| title | N6-Acetyl-L-Lysine and p-Cresol as Key Metabolites in the Pathogenesis of COVID-19 in Obese Patients |
| title_full | N6-Acetyl-L-Lysine and p-Cresol as Key Metabolites in the Pathogenesis of COVID-19 in Obese Patients |
| title_fullStr | N6-Acetyl-L-Lysine and p-Cresol as Key Metabolites in the Pathogenesis of COVID-19 in Obese Patients |
| title_full_unstemmed | N6-Acetyl-L-Lysine and p-Cresol as Key Metabolites in the Pathogenesis of COVID-19 in Obese Patients |
| title_short | N6-Acetyl-L-Lysine and p-Cresol as Key Metabolites in the Pathogenesis of COVID-19 in Obese Patients |
| title_sort | n6 acetyl l lysine and p cresol as key metabolites in the pathogenesis of covid 19 in obese patients |
| topic | SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 obesity metabolomics ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2022.827603/full |
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