Virtual Power Plant with Renewable Energy Sources and Energy Storage Systems for Sustainable Power Grid-Formation, Control Techniques and Demand Response
As the climate crisis worsens, power grids are gradually transforming into a more sustainable state through renewable energy sources (RESs), energy storage systems (ESSs), and smart loads. Virtual power plants (VPP) are an emerging concept that can flexibly integrate distributed energy resources (DE...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-04-01
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| Series: | Energies |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/16/9/3705 |
| _version_ | 1797602698293411840 |
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| author | Jiaqi Liu Hongji Hu Samson S. Yu Hieu Trinh |
| author_facet | Jiaqi Liu Hongji Hu Samson S. Yu Hieu Trinh |
| author_sort | Jiaqi Liu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | As the climate crisis worsens, power grids are gradually transforming into a more sustainable state through renewable energy sources (RESs), energy storage systems (ESSs), and smart loads. Virtual power plants (VPP) are an emerging concept that can flexibly integrate distributed energy resources (DERs), managing manage the power output of each DER unit, as well as the power consumption of loads, to balance electricity supply and demand in real time. VPPs can participate in energy markets, enable self-scheduling of RESs, facilitate energy trading and sharing, and provide demand-side frequency control ancillary services (D-FCAS) to enhance the stability of the system frequency. As a result, studies considering VPPs have become the focus of recent energy research, with the purpose of reducing the uncertainty resulting from RESs distributed in the power grid and improving technology related to energy management system (EMS). However, comprehensive reviews of VPPs considering their formation, control techniques, and D-FCAS are still lacking in the literature. Therefore, this paper aims to provide a thorough overview of state-of-the-art VPP technologies for building sustainable power grids in the future. The review mainly considers the development of VPPs, the information transmission and control methods among DERs and loads in VPPs, as well as the relevant technologies for providing D-FCAS from VPPs. This review paper describes the significant economic, social, and environmental benefits of VPPs, as well as the technological advancements, challenges, and possible future research directions in VPP research. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T04:20:19Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-94fa6141cc7449f2889d4fb8412d780b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1073 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T04:20:19Z |
| publishDate | 2023-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Energies |
| spelling | doaj.art-94fa6141cc7449f2889d4fb8412d780b2023-11-17T22:50:37ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732023-04-01169370510.3390/en16093705Virtual Power Plant with Renewable Energy Sources and Energy Storage Systems for Sustainable Power Grid-Formation, Control Techniques and Demand ResponseJiaqi Liu0Hongji Hu1Samson S. Yu2Hieu Trinh3School of Engineering, Deakin University, 75 Pigdons Rd., Waurn Ponds, Geelong, VIC 3216, AustraliaSchool of Engineering, Deakin University, 75 Pigdons Rd., Waurn Ponds, Geelong, VIC 3216, AustraliaSchool of Engineering, Deakin University, 75 Pigdons Rd., Waurn Ponds, Geelong, VIC 3216, AustraliaSchool of Engineering, Deakin University, 75 Pigdons Rd., Waurn Ponds, Geelong, VIC 3216, AustraliaAs the climate crisis worsens, power grids are gradually transforming into a more sustainable state through renewable energy sources (RESs), energy storage systems (ESSs), and smart loads. Virtual power plants (VPP) are an emerging concept that can flexibly integrate distributed energy resources (DERs), managing manage the power output of each DER unit, as well as the power consumption of loads, to balance electricity supply and demand in real time. VPPs can participate in energy markets, enable self-scheduling of RESs, facilitate energy trading and sharing, and provide demand-side frequency control ancillary services (D-FCAS) to enhance the stability of the system frequency. As a result, studies considering VPPs have become the focus of recent energy research, with the purpose of reducing the uncertainty resulting from RESs distributed in the power grid and improving technology related to energy management system (EMS). However, comprehensive reviews of VPPs considering their formation, control techniques, and D-FCAS are still lacking in the literature. Therefore, this paper aims to provide a thorough overview of state-of-the-art VPP technologies for building sustainable power grids in the future. The review mainly considers the development of VPPs, the information transmission and control methods among DERs and loads in VPPs, as well as the relevant technologies for providing D-FCAS from VPPs. This review paper describes the significant economic, social, and environmental benefits of VPPs, as well as the technological advancements, challenges, and possible future research directions in VPP research.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/16/9/3705virtual power plantsrenewable energyenergy storage systemssustainable power gridsenergy management systemsdemand-side frequency ancillary services |
| spellingShingle | Jiaqi Liu Hongji Hu Samson S. Yu Hieu Trinh Virtual Power Plant with Renewable Energy Sources and Energy Storage Systems for Sustainable Power Grid-Formation, Control Techniques and Demand Response Energies virtual power plants renewable energy energy storage systems sustainable power grids energy management systems demand-side frequency ancillary services |
| title | Virtual Power Plant with Renewable Energy Sources and Energy Storage Systems for Sustainable Power Grid-Formation, Control Techniques and Demand Response |
| title_full | Virtual Power Plant with Renewable Energy Sources and Energy Storage Systems for Sustainable Power Grid-Formation, Control Techniques and Demand Response |
| title_fullStr | Virtual Power Plant with Renewable Energy Sources and Energy Storage Systems for Sustainable Power Grid-Formation, Control Techniques and Demand Response |
| title_full_unstemmed | Virtual Power Plant with Renewable Energy Sources and Energy Storage Systems for Sustainable Power Grid-Formation, Control Techniques and Demand Response |
| title_short | Virtual Power Plant with Renewable Energy Sources and Energy Storage Systems for Sustainable Power Grid-Formation, Control Techniques and Demand Response |
| title_sort | virtual power plant with renewable energy sources and energy storage systems for sustainable power grid formation control techniques and demand response |
| topic | virtual power plants renewable energy energy storage systems sustainable power grids energy management systems demand-side frequency ancillary services |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/16/9/3705 |
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