Influences on Infrared Thermography of the Canine Eye in Relation to the Stress and Arousal of Racing Greyhounds
Infrared thermography (IRT) can be used to identify stressors associated with greyhound racing procedures. However, factors unrelated to stress may influence measurements. Validation of an eye side (right or left) and a reference point on the eye is required if IRT is to be standardised for industry...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-01-01
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| Series: | Animals |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/11/1/103 |
| _version_ | 1797415778026258432 |
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| author | Belle Elias Melissa Starling Bethany Wilson Paul McGreevy |
| author_facet | Belle Elias Melissa Starling Bethany Wilson Paul McGreevy |
| author_sort | Belle Elias |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Infrared thermography (IRT) can be used to identify stressors associated with greyhound racing procedures. However, factors unrelated to stress may influence measurements. Validation of an eye side (right or left) and a reference point on the eye is required if IRT is to be standardised for industry use. Infrared images of greyhound heads (<i>n</i> = 465) were taken pre-racing and post-racing at three racetracks. Average temperature was recorded at seven different locations on each eye. A multivariate analysis model determined how several factors influenced eye temperature (ET) pre-racing and post-racing. As expected, ET increased after racing, which may be attributed to physical exertion, stress and arousal. The right eye and lacrimal caruncle had the highest sensitivity to temperature changes and could be considered reference points for future studies. Additionally, dogs that raced later had higher ET, and Richmond racetrack had the lowest pre-race ET, but the highest post-race ET. This may suggest that arousal increases as the race meet progresses and certain track attributes could increase stress. Furthermore, ET increased as humidity increased, and higher post-race ET was associated with light-coloured, young and low-performing dogs. Environmental and biological factors need to be considered if IRT is to become accurate in the detection of canine stress and monitoring of greyhound welfare. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T05:54:27Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-94fd5841d6a146859eb3302095ff5fe2 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-2615 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T05:54:27Z |
| publishDate | 2021-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Animals |
| spelling | doaj.art-94fd5841d6a146859eb3302095ff5fe22023-12-03T12:15:02ZengMDPI AGAnimals2076-26152021-01-0111110310.3390/ani11010103Influences on Infrared Thermography of the Canine Eye in Relation to the Stress and Arousal of Racing GreyhoundsBelle Elias0Melissa Starling1Bethany Wilson2Paul McGreevy3Faculty of Science, Sydney School of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, AustraliaFaculty of Science, Sydney School of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, AustraliaFaculty of Science, Sydney School of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, AustraliaFaculty of Science, Sydney School of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, AustraliaInfrared thermography (IRT) can be used to identify stressors associated with greyhound racing procedures. However, factors unrelated to stress may influence measurements. Validation of an eye side (right or left) and a reference point on the eye is required if IRT is to be standardised for industry use. Infrared images of greyhound heads (<i>n</i> = 465) were taken pre-racing and post-racing at three racetracks. Average temperature was recorded at seven different locations on each eye. A multivariate analysis model determined how several factors influenced eye temperature (ET) pre-racing and post-racing. As expected, ET increased after racing, which may be attributed to physical exertion, stress and arousal. The right eye and lacrimal caruncle had the highest sensitivity to temperature changes and could be considered reference points for future studies. Additionally, dogs that raced later had higher ET, and Richmond racetrack had the lowest pre-race ET, but the highest post-race ET. This may suggest that arousal increases as the race meet progresses and certain track attributes could increase stress. Furthermore, ET increased as humidity increased, and higher post-race ET was associated with light-coloured, young and low-performing dogs. Environmental and biological factors need to be considered if IRT is to become accurate in the detection of canine stress and monitoring of greyhound welfare.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/11/1/103arousaldogeye temperaturegreyhoundinfrared thermographylacrimal caruncle |
| spellingShingle | Belle Elias Melissa Starling Bethany Wilson Paul McGreevy Influences on Infrared Thermography of the Canine Eye in Relation to the Stress and Arousal of Racing Greyhounds Animals arousal dog eye temperature greyhound infrared thermography lacrimal caruncle |
| title | Influences on Infrared Thermography of the Canine Eye in Relation to the Stress and Arousal of Racing Greyhounds |
| title_full | Influences on Infrared Thermography of the Canine Eye in Relation to the Stress and Arousal of Racing Greyhounds |
| title_fullStr | Influences on Infrared Thermography of the Canine Eye in Relation to the Stress and Arousal of Racing Greyhounds |
| title_full_unstemmed | Influences on Infrared Thermography of the Canine Eye in Relation to the Stress and Arousal of Racing Greyhounds |
| title_short | Influences on Infrared Thermography of the Canine Eye in Relation to the Stress and Arousal of Racing Greyhounds |
| title_sort | influences on infrared thermography of the canine eye in relation to the stress and arousal of racing greyhounds |
| topic | arousal dog eye temperature greyhound infrared thermography lacrimal caruncle |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/11/1/103 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT belleelias influencesoninfraredthermographyofthecanineeyeinrelationtothestressandarousalofracinggreyhounds AT melissastarling influencesoninfraredthermographyofthecanineeyeinrelationtothestressandarousalofracinggreyhounds AT bethanywilson influencesoninfraredthermographyofthecanineeyeinrelationtothestressandarousalofracinggreyhounds AT paulmcgreevy influencesoninfraredthermographyofthecanineeyeinrelationtothestressandarousalofracinggreyhounds |