Plasticized Mechanical Recycled PLA Films Reinforced with Microbial Cellulose Particles Obtained from Kombucha Fermented in Yerba Mate Waste
In this study, yerba mate waste (YMW) was used to produce a kombucha beverage, and the obtained microbial cellulose produced as a byproduct (KMW) was used to reinforce a mechanically recycled poly(lactic acid) (r-PLA) matrix. Microbial cellulosic particles were also produced in pristine yerba mate f...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2023-01-01
|
| Series: | Polymers |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/15/2/285 |
| _version_ | 1797437584745431040 |
|---|---|
| author | Ángel Agüero Esther Corral Perianes Sara Soledad Abarca de las Muelas Diego Lascano María del Mar de la Fuente García-Soto Mercedes Ana Peltzer Rafael Balart Marina Patricia Arrieta |
| author_facet | Ángel Agüero Esther Corral Perianes Sara Soledad Abarca de las Muelas Diego Lascano María del Mar de la Fuente García-Soto Mercedes Ana Peltzer Rafael Balart Marina Patricia Arrieta |
| author_sort | Ángel Agüero |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In this study, yerba mate waste (YMW) was used to produce a kombucha beverage, and the obtained microbial cellulose produced as a byproduct (KMW) was used to reinforce a mechanically recycled poly(lactic acid) (r-PLA) matrix. Microbial cellulosic particles were also produced in pristine yerba mate for comparison (KMN). To simulate the revalorization of the industrial PLA products rejected during the production line, PLA was subjected to three extrusion cycles, and the resultant pellets (r3-PLA) were then plasticized with 15 wt.% of acetyl tributyl citrate ester (ATBC) to obtain optically transparent and flexible films by the solvent casting method. The plasticized r3-PLA-ATBC matrix was then loaded with KMW and KMN in 1 and 3 wt.%. The use of plasticizer allowed a good dispersion of microbial cellulose particles into the r3-PLA matrix, allowing us to obtain flexible and transparent films which showed good structural and mechanical performance. Additionally, the obtained films showed antioxidant properties, as was proven by release analyses conducted in direct contact with a fatty food simulant. The results suggest the potential interest of these recycled and biobased materials, which are obtained from the revalorization of food waste, for their industrial application in food packaging and agricultural films. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T11:24:32Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-95002a1befdb4188bf6f76f8a7347a9e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4360 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T11:24:32Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Polymers |
| spelling | doaj.art-95002a1befdb4188bf6f76f8a7347a9e2023-12-01T00:07:22ZengMDPI AGPolymers2073-43602023-01-0115228510.3390/polym15020285Plasticized Mechanical Recycled PLA Films Reinforced with Microbial Cellulose Particles Obtained from Kombucha Fermented in Yerba Mate WasteÁngel Agüero0Esther Corral Perianes1Sara Soledad Abarca de las Muelas2Diego Lascano3María del Mar de la Fuente García-Soto4Mercedes Ana Peltzer5Rafael Balart6Marina Patricia Arrieta7Instituto de Tecnología de Materiales (ITM), Universidad Politécnica de Valencia (UPV), Plaza Ferrándiz y Carbonell 1, 03801 Alcoy, SpainDepartamento de Ingeniería Química Industrial y del Medio Ambiente, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Industriales, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (ETSII-UPM), Calle José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, SpainDepartamento de Ingeniería Química Industrial y del Medio Ambiente, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Industriales, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (ETSII-UPM), Calle José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, SpainInstituto de Tecnología de Materiales (ITM), Universidad Politécnica de Valencia (UPV), Plaza Ferrándiz y Carbonell 1, 03801 Alcoy, SpainDepartamento de Ingeniería Química Industrial y del Medio Ambiente, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Industriales, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (ETSII-UPM), Calle José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, SpainGrupo de Investigación: Tecnologías Ambientales y Recursos Industriales (TARIndustrial), 20006 Madrid, SpainInstituto de Tecnología de Materiales (ITM), Universidad Politécnica de Valencia (UPV), Plaza Ferrándiz y Carbonell 1, 03801 Alcoy, SpainDepartamento de Ingeniería Química Industrial y del Medio Ambiente, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Industriales, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (ETSII-UPM), Calle José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, SpainIn this study, yerba mate waste (YMW) was used to produce a kombucha beverage, and the obtained microbial cellulose produced as a byproduct (KMW) was used to reinforce a mechanically recycled poly(lactic acid) (r-PLA) matrix. Microbial cellulosic particles were also produced in pristine yerba mate for comparison (KMN). To simulate the revalorization of the industrial PLA products rejected during the production line, PLA was subjected to three extrusion cycles, and the resultant pellets (r3-PLA) were then plasticized with 15 wt.% of acetyl tributyl citrate ester (ATBC) to obtain optically transparent and flexible films by the solvent casting method. The plasticized r3-PLA-ATBC matrix was then loaded with KMW and KMN in 1 and 3 wt.%. The use of plasticizer allowed a good dispersion of microbial cellulose particles into the r3-PLA matrix, allowing us to obtain flexible and transparent films which showed good structural and mechanical performance. Additionally, the obtained films showed antioxidant properties, as was proven by release analyses conducted in direct contact with a fatty food simulant. The results suggest the potential interest of these recycled and biobased materials, which are obtained from the revalorization of food waste, for their industrial application in food packaging and agricultural films.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/15/2/285PLAcelluloseyerba matekombuchafood packaging |
| spellingShingle | Ángel Agüero Esther Corral Perianes Sara Soledad Abarca de las Muelas Diego Lascano María del Mar de la Fuente García-Soto Mercedes Ana Peltzer Rafael Balart Marina Patricia Arrieta Plasticized Mechanical Recycled PLA Films Reinforced with Microbial Cellulose Particles Obtained from Kombucha Fermented in Yerba Mate Waste Polymers PLA cellulose yerba mate kombucha food packaging |
| title | Plasticized Mechanical Recycled PLA Films Reinforced with Microbial Cellulose Particles Obtained from Kombucha Fermented in Yerba Mate Waste |
| title_full | Plasticized Mechanical Recycled PLA Films Reinforced with Microbial Cellulose Particles Obtained from Kombucha Fermented in Yerba Mate Waste |
| title_fullStr | Plasticized Mechanical Recycled PLA Films Reinforced with Microbial Cellulose Particles Obtained from Kombucha Fermented in Yerba Mate Waste |
| title_full_unstemmed | Plasticized Mechanical Recycled PLA Films Reinforced with Microbial Cellulose Particles Obtained from Kombucha Fermented in Yerba Mate Waste |
| title_short | Plasticized Mechanical Recycled PLA Films Reinforced with Microbial Cellulose Particles Obtained from Kombucha Fermented in Yerba Mate Waste |
| title_sort | plasticized mechanical recycled pla films reinforced with microbial cellulose particles obtained from kombucha fermented in yerba mate waste |
| topic | PLA cellulose yerba mate kombucha food packaging |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/15/2/285 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT angelaguero plasticizedmechanicalrecycledplafilmsreinforcedwithmicrobialcelluloseparticlesobtainedfromkombuchafermentedinyerbamatewaste AT esthercorralperianes plasticizedmechanicalrecycledplafilmsreinforcedwithmicrobialcelluloseparticlesobtainedfromkombuchafermentedinyerbamatewaste AT sarasoledadabarcadelasmuelas plasticizedmechanicalrecycledplafilmsreinforcedwithmicrobialcelluloseparticlesobtainedfromkombuchafermentedinyerbamatewaste AT diegolascano plasticizedmechanicalrecycledplafilmsreinforcedwithmicrobialcelluloseparticlesobtainedfromkombuchafermentedinyerbamatewaste AT mariadelmardelafuentegarciasoto plasticizedmechanicalrecycledplafilmsreinforcedwithmicrobialcelluloseparticlesobtainedfromkombuchafermentedinyerbamatewaste AT mercedesanapeltzer plasticizedmechanicalrecycledplafilmsreinforcedwithmicrobialcelluloseparticlesobtainedfromkombuchafermentedinyerbamatewaste AT rafaelbalart plasticizedmechanicalrecycledplafilmsreinforcedwithmicrobialcelluloseparticlesobtainedfromkombuchafermentedinyerbamatewaste AT marinapatriciaarrieta plasticizedmechanicalrecycledplafilmsreinforcedwithmicrobialcelluloseparticlesobtainedfromkombuchafermentedinyerbamatewaste |