Experimental Approaches to Study Genome Packaging of Influenza A Viruses
The genome of influenza A viruses (IAV) consists of eight single-stranded negative sense viral RNAs (vRNAs) encapsidated into viral ribonucleoproteins (vRNPs). It is now well established that genome packaging (i.e., the incorporation of a set of eight distinct vRNPs into budding viral particles), fo...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2016-08-01
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| Series: | Viruses |
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| Online Access: | http://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/8/8/218 |
| _version_ | 1818543703038361600 |
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| author | Catherine Isel Sandie Munier Nadia Naffakh |
| author_facet | Catherine Isel Sandie Munier Nadia Naffakh |
| author_sort | Catherine Isel |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The genome of influenza A viruses (IAV) consists of eight single-stranded negative sense viral RNAs (vRNAs) encapsidated into viral ribonucleoproteins (vRNPs). It is now well established that genome packaging (i.e., the incorporation of a set of eight distinct vRNPs into budding viral particles), follows a specific pathway guided by segment-specific cis-acting packaging signals on each vRNA. However, the precise nature and function of the packaging signals, and the mechanisms underlying the assembly of vRNPs into sub-bundles in the cytoplasm and their selective packaging at the viral budding site, remain largely unknown. Here, we review the diverse and complementary methods currently being used to elucidate these aspects of the viral cycle. They range from conventional and competitive reverse genetics, single molecule imaging of vRNPs by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and high-resolution electron microscopy and tomography of budding viral particles, to solely in vitro approaches to investigate vRNA-vRNA interactions at the molecular level. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-11T22:38:50Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-950a8d2882014993a2756ce6cdaee1de |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4915 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-11T22:38:50Z |
| publishDate | 2016-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Viruses |
| spelling | doaj.art-950a8d2882014993a2756ce6cdaee1de2022-12-22T00:47:53ZengMDPI AGViruses1999-49152016-08-018821810.3390/v8080218v8080218Experimental Approaches to Study Genome Packaging of Influenza A VirusesCatherine Isel0Sandie Munier1Nadia Naffakh2Architecture et Réactivité de l’ARN, Université de Strasbourg, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IBMC), 15 rue René Descartes, 67084 Strasbourg, FranceDépartement de Virologie, Unité de Génétique Moléculaire des Virus à ARN, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, FranceDépartement de Virologie, Unité de Génétique Moléculaire des Virus à ARN, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, FranceThe genome of influenza A viruses (IAV) consists of eight single-stranded negative sense viral RNAs (vRNAs) encapsidated into viral ribonucleoproteins (vRNPs). It is now well established that genome packaging (i.e., the incorporation of a set of eight distinct vRNPs into budding viral particles), follows a specific pathway guided by segment-specific cis-acting packaging signals on each vRNA. However, the precise nature and function of the packaging signals, and the mechanisms underlying the assembly of vRNPs into sub-bundles in the cytoplasm and their selective packaging at the viral budding site, remain largely unknown. Here, we review the diverse and complementary methods currently being used to elucidate these aspects of the viral cycle. They range from conventional and competitive reverse genetics, single molecule imaging of vRNPs by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and high-resolution electron microscopy and tomography of budding viral particles, to solely in vitro approaches to investigate vRNA-vRNA interactions at the molecular level.http://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/8/8/218influenza viruspackaging signalpackaging assaysingle-molecule FISHRNA-RNA interactioncompetitive reverse genetics |
| spellingShingle | Catherine Isel Sandie Munier Nadia Naffakh Experimental Approaches to Study Genome Packaging of Influenza A Viruses Viruses influenza virus packaging signal packaging assay single-molecule FISH RNA-RNA interaction competitive reverse genetics |
| title | Experimental Approaches to Study Genome Packaging of Influenza A Viruses |
| title_full | Experimental Approaches to Study Genome Packaging of Influenza A Viruses |
| title_fullStr | Experimental Approaches to Study Genome Packaging of Influenza A Viruses |
| title_full_unstemmed | Experimental Approaches to Study Genome Packaging of Influenza A Viruses |
| title_short | Experimental Approaches to Study Genome Packaging of Influenza A Viruses |
| title_sort | experimental approaches to study genome packaging of influenza a viruses |
| topic | influenza virus packaging signal packaging assay single-molecule FISH RNA-RNA interaction competitive reverse genetics |
| url | http://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/8/8/218 |
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