| Summary: | Malate dehydrogenase (MDH) is one kind of oxidation–reduction enzyme that catalyzes the reversible conversion of oxaloacetic acid to malic acid. It has vital functions in plant development, photosynthesis, abiotic stress responses, and so on. However, there are no reports on the genome-wide identification and gene expression of the MDH gene family in <i>Arachis hypogaea</i>. In this study, the MDH gene family of <i>A. hypogaea</i> was comprehensively analyzed for the first time, and 15 AhMDH sequences were identified. According to the phylogenetic tree analysis, <i>AhMDHs</i> are mainly separated into three subfamilies with similar gene structures. Based on previously reported transcriptome sequencing results, the <i>AhMDH</i> expression quantity of roots and leaves exposed to manganese (Mn) toxicity were explored in <i>A. hypogaea</i>. Results revealed that many <i>AhMDHs</i> were upregulated when exposed to Mn toxicity, suggesting that those <i>AhMDHs</i> might play an important regulatory role in <i>A. hypogaea</i>’s response to Mn toxicity stress. This study lays foundations for the functional study of <i>AhMDHs</i> and further reveals the mechanism of the <i>A. hypogaea</i> signaling pathway responding to high Mn stress.
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