Beyond the Clinic: The Activation of Diverse Cellular and Humoral Factors Shapes the Immunological Status of Patients with Active Tuberculosis
<i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> (<i>Mtb</i>), the etiologic agent of tuberculosis (TB), has killed nearly one billion people in the last two centuries. Nowadays, TB remains a major global health problem, ranking among the thirteen leading causes of death worldwide. Human TB...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-03-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/5/5033 |
| _version_ | 1797615099463073792 |
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| author | Nancy Liliana Tateosian María Paula Morelli Joaquín Miguel Pellegrini Verónica Edith García |
| author_facet | Nancy Liliana Tateosian María Paula Morelli Joaquín Miguel Pellegrini Verónica Edith García |
| author_sort | Nancy Liliana Tateosian |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> (<i>Mtb</i>), the etiologic agent of tuberculosis (TB), has killed nearly one billion people in the last two centuries. Nowadays, TB remains a major global health problem, ranking among the thirteen leading causes of death worldwide. Human TB infection spans different levels of stages: incipient, subclinical, latent and active TB, all of them with varying symptoms, microbiological characteristics, immune responses and pathologies profiles. After infection, <i>Mtb</i> interacts with diverse cells of both innate and adaptive immune compartments, playing a crucial role in the modulation and development of the pathology. Underlying TB clinical manifestations, individual immunological profiles can be identified in patients with active TB according to the strength of their immune responses to Mtb infection, defining diverse endotypes. Those different endotypes are regulated by a complex interaction of the patient’s cellular metabolism, genetic background, epigenetics, and gene transcriptional regulation. Here, we review immunological categorizations of TB patients based on the activation of different cellular populations (both myeloid and lymphocytic subsets) and humoral mediators (such as cytokines and lipid mediators). The analysis of the participating factors that operate during active <i>Mtb</i> infection shaping the immunological status or immune endotypes of TB patients could contribute to the development of Host Directed Therapy. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T07:21:42Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-951857ca61094f21913e69af08a7bf95 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T07:21:42Z |
| publishDate | 2023-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-951857ca61094f21913e69af08a7bf952023-11-17T07:56:49ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672023-03-01245503310.3390/ijms24055033Beyond the Clinic: The Activation of Diverse Cellular and Humoral Factors Shapes the Immunological Status of Patients with Active TuberculosisNancy Liliana Tateosian0María Paula Morelli1Joaquín Miguel Pellegrini2Verónica Edith García3Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Pabellón II, 4°piso, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires C1428EGA, ArgentinaDepartamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Pabellón II, 4°piso, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires C1428EGA, ArgentinaCentre d’Immunologie de Marseille Luminy, INSERM, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Case 906, CEDEX 09, 13288 Marseille, FranceDepartamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Pabellón II, 4°piso, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina<i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> (<i>Mtb</i>), the etiologic agent of tuberculosis (TB), has killed nearly one billion people in the last two centuries. Nowadays, TB remains a major global health problem, ranking among the thirteen leading causes of death worldwide. Human TB infection spans different levels of stages: incipient, subclinical, latent and active TB, all of them with varying symptoms, microbiological characteristics, immune responses and pathologies profiles. After infection, <i>Mtb</i> interacts with diverse cells of both innate and adaptive immune compartments, playing a crucial role in the modulation and development of the pathology. Underlying TB clinical manifestations, individual immunological profiles can be identified in patients with active TB according to the strength of their immune responses to Mtb infection, defining diverse endotypes. Those different endotypes are regulated by a complex interaction of the patient’s cellular metabolism, genetic background, epigenetics, and gene transcriptional regulation. Here, we review immunological categorizations of TB patients based on the activation of different cellular populations (both myeloid and lymphocytic subsets) and humoral mediators (such as cytokines and lipid mediators). The analysis of the participating factors that operate during active <i>Mtb</i> infection shaping the immunological status or immune endotypes of TB patients could contribute to the development of Host Directed Therapy.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/5/5033tuberculosisinfectionimmunologyendotype |
| spellingShingle | Nancy Liliana Tateosian María Paula Morelli Joaquín Miguel Pellegrini Verónica Edith García Beyond the Clinic: The Activation of Diverse Cellular and Humoral Factors Shapes the Immunological Status of Patients with Active Tuberculosis International Journal of Molecular Sciences tuberculosis infection immunology endotype |
| title | Beyond the Clinic: The Activation of Diverse Cellular and Humoral Factors Shapes the Immunological Status of Patients with Active Tuberculosis |
| title_full | Beyond the Clinic: The Activation of Diverse Cellular and Humoral Factors Shapes the Immunological Status of Patients with Active Tuberculosis |
| title_fullStr | Beyond the Clinic: The Activation of Diverse Cellular and Humoral Factors Shapes the Immunological Status of Patients with Active Tuberculosis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Beyond the Clinic: The Activation of Diverse Cellular and Humoral Factors Shapes the Immunological Status of Patients with Active Tuberculosis |
| title_short | Beyond the Clinic: The Activation of Diverse Cellular and Humoral Factors Shapes the Immunological Status of Patients with Active Tuberculosis |
| title_sort | beyond the clinic the activation of diverse cellular and humoral factors shapes the immunological status of patients with active tuberculosis |
| topic | tuberculosis infection immunology endotype |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/5/5033 |
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