Apomixis for no bacteria-induced thelytoky in Diglyphus wani (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae)
In Hymenoptera species, the reproductive mode is usually arrhenotoky, where haploid males arise from unfertilized eggs and diploid females from fertilized eggs. In addition, a few species reproduce by thelytoky, where diploid females arise from unfertilized eggs. Diploid females can be derived throu...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2023-01-01
|
| Series: | Frontiers in Genetics |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fgene.2022.1061100/full |
| _version_ | 1797945481093971968 |
|---|---|
| author | Sujie Du Fuyu Ye Shiyun Xu Shiyun Xu Yongxuan Liang Yongxuan Liang Fanghao Wan Jianyang Guo Wanxue Liu |
| author_facet | Sujie Du Fuyu Ye Shiyun Xu Shiyun Xu Yongxuan Liang Yongxuan Liang Fanghao Wan Jianyang Guo Wanxue Liu |
| author_sort | Sujie Du |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In Hymenoptera species, the reproductive mode is usually arrhenotoky, where haploid males arise from unfertilized eggs and diploid females from fertilized eggs. In addition, a few species reproduce by thelytoky, where diploid females arise from unfertilized eggs. Diploid females can be derived through various cytological mechanisms in thelytokous Hymenoptera species. Hitherto, these mechanisms were revealed mainly in endosymbiont-induced thelytokous Hymenoptera species. In contrast, thelytokous Hymenoptera species in which a reproductive manipulator has not been verified or several common endosymbionts have been excluded were paid less attention in their cytological mechanisms, for instance, Diglyphus wani (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae). Here, we investigated the cytological mechanism of D. wani using cytological methods and genetic markers. Our observations indicated that the diploid karyotypes of two strains of D. wani consist of four pairs of relatively large metacentric chromosomes and one pair of short submetacentric chromosomes (2n = 10). The arrhenotokous strains could complete normal meiosis, whereas the thelytokous strain lacked meiosis and did not expulse any polar bodies. This reproductive type of lacking meiosis is classified as apomictic thelytoky. Moreover, a total of 636 microsatellite sequences were obtained from thelytokous D. wani, dominated by dinucleotide repeats. Genetic markers results showed all three generations of offspring from thelytokous strain maintained the same genotype as their parents. Our results revealed that D. wani is the first eulophid parasitoid wasp in Hymenoptera whose thelytoky was not induced by bacteria to form an apomictic thelytoky. These findings provide a baseline for future inner molecular genetic studies of ameiotic thelytoky. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-10T20:55:47Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-951a19416db34550b37bb580f26c9447 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-8021 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-10T20:55:47Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Genetics |
| spelling | doaj.art-951a19416db34550b37bb580f26c94472023-01-23T05:19:01ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Genetics1664-80212023-01-011310.3389/fgene.2022.10611001061100Apomixis for no bacteria-induced thelytoky in Diglyphus wani (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae)Sujie Du0Fuyu Ye1Shiyun Xu2Shiyun Xu3Yongxuan Liang4Yongxuan Liang5Fanghao Wan6Jianyang Guo7Wanxue Liu8State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, ChinaState Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, ChinaState Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, ChinaCollege of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, ChinaState Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, ChinaCollege of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, ChinaState Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, ChinaState Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, ChinaState Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, ChinaIn Hymenoptera species, the reproductive mode is usually arrhenotoky, where haploid males arise from unfertilized eggs and diploid females from fertilized eggs. In addition, a few species reproduce by thelytoky, where diploid females arise from unfertilized eggs. Diploid females can be derived through various cytological mechanisms in thelytokous Hymenoptera species. Hitherto, these mechanisms were revealed mainly in endosymbiont-induced thelytokous Hymenoptera species. In contrast, thelytokous Hymenoptera species in which a reproductive manipulator has not been verified or several common endosymbionts have been excluded were paid less attention in their cytological mechanisms, for instance, Diglyphus wani (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae). Here, we investigated the cytological mechanism of D. wani using cytological methods and genetic markers. Our observations indicated that the diploid karyotypes of two strains of D. wani consist of four pairs of relatively large metacentric chromosomes and one pair of short submetacentric chromosomes (2n = 10). The arrhenotokous strains could complete normal meiosis, whereas the thelytokous strain lacked meiosis and did not expulse any polar bodies. This reproductive type of lacking meiosis is classified as apomictic thelytoky. Moreover, a total of 636 microsatellite sequences were obtained from thelytokous D. wani, dominated by dinucleotide repeats. Genetic markers results showed all three generations of offspring from thelytokous strain maintained the same genotype as their parents. Our results revealed that D. wani is the first eulophid parasitoid wasp in Hymenoptera whose thelytoky was not induced by bacteria to form an apomictic thelytoky. These findings provide a baseline for future inner molecular genetic studies of ameiotic thelytoky.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fgene.2022.1061100/fullcytological mechanismkaryotypeapomictic thelytokymicrosatelliteheterozygosity |
| spellingShingle | Sujie Du Fuyu Ye Shiyun Xu Shiyun Xu Yongxuan Liang Yongxuan Liang Fanghao Wan Jianyang Guo Wanxue Liu Apomixis for no bacteria-induced thelytoky in Diglyphus wani (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) Frontiers in Genetics cytological mechanism karyotype apomictic thelytoky microsatellite heterozygosity |
| title | Apomixis for no bacteria-induced thelytoky in Diglyphus wani (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) |
| title_full | Apomixis for no bacteria-induced thelytoky in Diglyphus wani (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) |
| title_fullStr | Apomixis for no bacteria-induced thelytoky in Diglyphus wani (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Apomixis for no bacteria-induced thelytoky in Diglyphus wani (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) |
| title_short | Apomixis for no bacteria-induced thelytoky in Diglyphus wani (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) |
| title_sort | apomixis for no bacteria induced thelytoky in diglyphus wani hymenoptera eulophidae |
| topic | cytological mechanism karyotype apomictic thelytoky microsatellite heterozygosity |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fgene.2022.1061100/full |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT sujiedu apomixisfornobacteriainducedthelytokyindiglyphuswanihymenopteraeulophidae AT fuyuye apomixisfornobacteriainducedthelytokyindiglyphuswanihymenopteraeulophidae AT shiyunxu apomixisfornobacteriainducedthelytokyindiglyphuswanihymenopteraeulophidae AT shiyunxu apomixisfornobacteriainducedthelytokyindiglyphuswanihymenopteraeulophidae AT yongxuanliang apomixisfornobacteriainducedthelytokyindiglyphuswanihymenopteraeulophidae AT yongxuanliang apomixisfornobacteriainducedthelytokyindiglyphuswanihymenopteraeulophidae AT fanghaowan apomixisfornobacteriainducedthelytokyindiglyphuswanihymenopteraeulophidae AT jianyangguo apomixisfornobacteriainducedthelytokyindiglyphuswanihymenopteraeulophidae AT wanxueliu apomixisfornobacteriainducedthelytokyindiglyphuswanihymenopteraeulophidae |