Design and Modeling of Ultra-Compact Wideband Implantable Antenna for Wireless ISM Band
This paper proposes a wideband ultra-compact implantable antenna for a wireless body area network (WBAN). The proposed patch antenna works in the industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) bands. The proposed patch antenna with an ultra-compact size (5 × 5 × 0.26 mm<sup>3</sup>) was desig...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-02-01
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| Series: | Bioengineering |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2306-5354/10/2/216 |
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| author | Ahmed Z. A. Zaki Ehab K. I. Hamad Tamer Gaber Abouelnaga Hala A. Elsadek Sherif A. Khaleel Ahmed Jamal Abdullah Al-Gburi Zahriladha Zakaria |
| author_facet | Ahmed Z. A. Zaki Ehab K. I. Hamad Tamer Gaber Abouelnaga Hala A. Elsadek Sherif A. Khaleel Ahmed Jamal Abdullah Al-Gburi Zahriladha Zakaria |
| author_sort | Ahmed Z. A. Zaki |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This paper proposes a wideband ultra-compact implantable antenna for a wireless body area network (WBAN). The proposed patch antenna works in the industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) bands. The proposed patch antenna with an ultra-compact size (5 × 5 × 0.26 mm<sup>3</sup>) was designed with 29% wide bandwidth (about 670 MHz). This wide bandwidth makes the antenna unaffected by implantation in different human body parts. The miniaturization process passed many steps by adding many slots with different shapes in the radiating element as well as in the ground plane. A 50 Ω coaxial feeding excites the antenna to maintain matching and low power loss. The specific absorption rate (SAR) was calculated for health considerations. The result was within the standard limits of IEEE organizations and the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNRP). The antenna was tested in tissues with multiple layers (up to seven layers) and at various depths (up to 29 mm). The link margin was calculated, and the proposed antenna enables 100 Kbps of data to be transferred over a distance of 20 m and approximately 1 Mbps over a distance of 7 m. The proposed antenna was fabricated and tested. The measured S<sub>11</sub> parameters and the simulated results using the Computer Simulation Technology (CST Studio) simulator were in good agreement. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T09:09:11Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-95270913109446d6a176f7d73f11c938 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2306-5354 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T09:09:11Z |
| publishDate | 2023-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Bioengineering |
| spelling | doaj.art-95270913109446d6a176f7d73f11c9382023-11-16T19:11:17ZengMDPI AGBioengineering2306-53542023-02-0110221610.3390/bioengineering10020216Design and Modeling of Ultra-Compact Wideband Implantable Antenna for Wireless ISM BandAhmed Z. A. Zaki0Ehab K. I. Hamad1Tamer Gaber Abouelnaga2Hala A. Elsadek3Sherif A. Khaleel4Ahmed Jamal Abdullah Al-Gburi5Zahriladha Zakaria6Communication Department, Modern Academy for Engineering and Technology, Cairo 11571, EgyptElectrical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Aswan University, Aswan 81542, EgyptMicrostrip Circuits Department, Electronics Research Institute (ERI), Elnozha, Cairo 11843, EgyptMicrostrip Circuits Department, Electronics Research Institute (ERI), Elnozha, Cairo 11843, EgyptCollege of Engineering and Technology, Arab Academy for Science Technology and Maritime Transport, Aswan 81511, EgyptCenter for Telecommunication Research & Innovation (CeTRI), Fakulti Kejuruteraan Elektronik dan Kejuruteraan Komputer (FKEKK), Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka (UTeM), Durian Tungal, Malacca 76100, MalaysiaCenter for Telecommunication Research & Innovation (CeTRI), Fakulti Kejuruteraan Elektronik dan Kejuruteraan Komputer (FKEKK), Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka (UTeM), Durian Tungal, Malacca 76100, MalaysiaThis paper proposes a wideband ultra-compact implantable antenna for a wireless body area network (WBAN). The proposed patch antenna works in the industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) bands. The proposed patch antenna with an ultra-compact size (5 × 5 × 0.26 mm<sup>3</sup>) was designed with 29% wide bandwidth (about 670 MHz). This wide bandwidth makes the antenna unaffected by implantation in different human body parts. The miniaturization process passed many steps by adding many slots with different shapes in the radiating element as well as in the ground plane. A 50 Ω coaxial feeding excites the antenna to maintain matching and low power loss. The specific absorption rate (SAR) was calculated for health considerations. The result was within the standard limits of IEEE organizations and the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNRP). The antenna was tested in tissues with multiple layers (up to seven layers) and at various depths (up to 29 mm). The link margin was calculated, and the proposed antenna enables 100 Kbps of data to be transferred over a distance of 20 m and approximately 1 Mbps over a distance of 7 m. The proposed antenna was fabricated and tested. The measured S<sub>11</sub> parameters and the simulated results using the Computer Simulation Technology (CST Studio) simulator were in good agreement.https://www.mdpi.com/2306-5354/10/2/216antenna for biomedical applicationsimplanted antennamedical implant communication service band (MICS)medical monitoringwireless body area network (WBAN) |
| spellingShingle | Ahmed Z. A. Zaki Ehab K. I. Hamad Tamer Gaber Abouelnaga Hala A. Elsadek Sherif A. Khaleel Ahmed Jamal Abdullah Al-Gburi Zahriladha Zakaria Design and Modeling of Ultra-Compact Wideband Implantable Antenna for Wireless ISM Band Bioengineering antenna for biomedical applications implanted antenna medical implant communication service band (MICS) medical monitoring wireless body area network (WBAN) |
| title | Design and Modeling of Ultra-Compact Wideband Implantable Antenna for Wireless ISM Band |
| title_full | Design and Modeling of Ultra-Compact Wideband Implantable Antenna for Wireless ISM Band |
| title_fullStr | Design and Modeling of Ultra-Compact Wideband Implantable Antenna for Wireless ISM Band |
| title_full_unstemmed | Design and Modeling of Ultra-Compact Wideband Implantable Antenna for Wireless ISM Band |
| title_short | Design and Modeling of Ultra-Compact Wideband Implantable Antenna for Wireless ISM Band |
| title_sort | design and modeling of ultra compact wideband implantable antenna for wireless ism band |
| topic | antenna for biomedical applications implanted antenna medical implant communication service band (MICS) medical monitoring wireless body area network (WBAN) |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2306-5354/10/2/216 |
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