Dynamic Mechanical Properties of TC11 Titanium Alloys Fabricated by Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing
To study the compressive mechanical properties and failure modes of TC11 titanium alloy fabricated by wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) technology in a large strain rate range at room temperature, the quasi-static and dynamic compression tests were carried out. In addition, optical microscopy (...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-05-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/15/11/3917 |
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| author | Ze Tian Haijun Wu Chengwen Tan Heng Dong Meng Li Fenglei Huang |
| author_facet | Ze Tian Haijun Wu Chengwen Tan Heng Dong Meng Li Fenglei Huang |
| author_sort | Ze Tian |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | To study the compressive mechanical properties and failure modes of TC11 titanium alloy fabricated by wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) technology in a large strain rate range at room temperature, the quasi-static and dynamic compression tests were carried out. In addition, optical microscopy (OM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were employed to observe the metallographic structure and fracture morphology, respectively. The stress–strain curves in the range of 0.001 s<sup>−1</sup>–4000 s<sup>−1</sup>, original and post-deformation microstructures, macroscopic damage patterns, and microscopic fracture morphology were obtained at two different loading directions, including the scanning and deposition directions, respectively. In uniaxial compression experiments, the material showed little difference in mechanical properties between the scanning and deposition directions, exhibiting a strain rate strengthening effect. However, the strain rate sensitivity of the material under quasi-static loading conditions is much less than that under dynamic loading conditions. In addition, combining the stress–strain curve with the fracture morphology analysis, the plasticity in the scanning direction is better than in the deposition direction. Based on the experimental results, a modified Johnson–Cook (JC) constitutive model considering strain rate sensitivity and the effect of strain rate on strain hardening was proposed, and the parameters were determined using a Multiple Population Genetic Algorithm (MPGA). The obtained constitutive model is in good agreement with the experimental data, which can provide a reference for the engineering numerical calculation of TC11 titanium alloy for WAAM. This study also provides a fundamental databank for the application and design of WAAM TC11 alloy in the manufacturing of large and complex structural parts. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T01:08:33Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-952e8e78a1cc419c84dacad4cdb4dcd9 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1944 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T01:08:33Z |
| publishDate | 2022-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Materials |
| spelling | doaj.art-952e8e78a1cc419c84dacad4cdb4dcd92023-11-23T14:22:25ZengMDPI AGMaterials1996-19442022-05-011511391710.3390/ma15113917Dynamic Mechanical Properties of TC11 Titanium Alloys Fabricated by Wire Arc Additive ManufacturingZe Tian0Haijun Wu1Chengwen Tan2Heng Dong3Meng Li4Fenglei Huang5State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, ChinaSchool of Materials Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, ChinaTo study the compressive mechanical properties and failure modes of TC11 titanium alloy fabricated by wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) technology in a large strain rate range at room temperature, the quasi-static and dynamic compression tests were carried out. In addition, optical microscopy (OM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were employed to observe the metallographic structure and fracture morphology, respectively. The stress–strain curves in the range of 0.001 s<sup>−1</sup>–4000 s<sup>−1</sup>, original and post-deformation microstructures, macroscopic damage patterns, and microscopic fracture morphology were obtained at two different loading directions, including the scanning and deposition directions, respectively. In uniaxial compression experiments, the material showed little difference in mechanical properties between the scanning and deposition directions, exhibiting a strain rate strengthening effect. However, the strain rate sensitivity of the material under quasi-static loading conditions is much less than that under dynamic loading conditions. In addition, combining the stress–strain curve with the fracture morphology analysis, the plasticity in the scanning direction is better than in the deposition direction. Based on the experimental results, a modified Johnson–Cook (JC) constitutive model considering strain rate sensitivity and the effect of strain rate on strain hardening was proposed, and the parameters were determined using a Multiple Population Genetic Algorithm (MPGA). The obtained constitutive model is in good agreement with the experimental data, which can provide a reference for the engineering numerical calculation of TC11 titanium alloy for WAAM. This study also provides a fundamental databank for the application and design of WAAM TC11 alloy in the manufacturing of large and complex structural parts.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/15/11/3917wire arc additive manufacturing technologyTC11 titanium alloystrain rate effectfracture morphologyconstitutive model |
| spellingShingle | Ze Tian Haijun Wu Chengwen Tan Heng Dong Meng Li Fenglei Huang Dynamic Mechanical Properties of TC11 Titanium Alloys Fabricated by Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing Materials wire arc additive manufacturing technology TC11 titanium alloy strain rate effect fracture morphology constitutive model |
| title | Dynamic Mechanical Properties of TC11 Titanium Alloys Fabricated by Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing |
| title_full | Dynamic Mechanical Properties of TC11 Titanium Alloys Fabricated by Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing |
| title_fullStr | Dynamic Mechanical Properties of TC11 Titanium Alloys Fabricated by Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing |
| title_full_unstemmed | Dynamic Mechanical Properties of TC11 Titanium Alloys Fabricated by Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing |
| title_short | Dynamic Mechanical Properties of TC11 Titanium Alloys Fabricated by Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing |
| title_sort | dynamic mechanical properties of tc11 titanium alloys fabricated by wire arc additive manufacturing |
| topic | wire arc additive manufacturing technology TC11 titanium alloy strain rate effect fracture morphology constitutive model |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/15/11/3917 |
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