Evaluation of Climate Change Effects on Rain Rate Distribution in Malaysia using Hydro-Estimator for 5G and Microwave Links
Wireless transmissions at more than 10GHz can experience signal fading caused by the presence of hydrometeor particles in the atmosphere. Among these hydrometeors, rain is the largest contributor to the fading mechanism. Rain fade can be predicted or calculated using rain rate measurements. With cli...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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D. G. Pylarinos
2023-08-01
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| Series: | Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research |
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| Online Access: | https://etasr.com/index.php/ETASR/article/view/5552 |
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| author | Hafiz Basarudin Noor Hidayah Mohd Yunus Aizat Faiz Ramli Zuhanis Mansor Aduwati Sali Hong Seng Gan Mohd Azlan Abu |
| author_facet | Hafiz Basarudin Noor Hidayah Mohd Yunus Aizat Faiz Ramli Zuhanis Mansor Aduwati Sali Hong Seng Gan Mohd Azlan Abu |
| author_sort | Hafiz Basarudin |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Wireless transmissions at more than 10GHz can experience signal fading caused by the presence of hydrometeor particles in the atmosphere. Among these hydrometeors, rain is the largest contributor to the fading mechanism. Rain fade can be predicted or calculated using rain rate measurements. With climate change affecting the world due to the rise of carbon dioxide in the air, it is expected to affect the distribution of rainfall, which ultimately affects rain fade. This paper investigates the effects of climate change on rain rate distribution in Malaysia. Ten years of Hydro-Estimator data containing rainfall rates in Peninsular Malaysia and the Sabah and Sarawak region from 2011 to 2020 were collected and analyzed. Using the linear regression method, a small increment of rain rate distribution at 0.01% annual probability was detected for all regions, indicating a climate change effect on the rain rate distribution. For Peninsular Malaysia, the rate was 0.2356mm/hr per year while for the Sabah and Sarawak region, it was 0.4046mm/hr per year. An increase in the rain rate would increase the rain fade, causing signal losses and distortions in high-frequency wireless communication signals. The evaluation of climate change effects on the rain rate and rain fade distributions can help in developing a long-term prediction of the signal performance in 5G systems and high-frequency radio link frequencies due to hydrometeors.
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| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T15:30:40Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-9530fe2335654a72838ffe5fb4c13b68 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2241-4487 1792-8036 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T15:30:40Z |
| publishDate | 2023-08-01 |
| publisher | D. G. Pylarinos |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research |
| spelling | doaj.art-9530fe2335654a72838ffe5fb4c13b682023-08-10T05:33:32ZengD. G. PylarinosEngineering, Technology & Applied Science Research2241-44871792-80362023-08-0113410.48084/etasr.5552Evaluation of Climate Change Effects on Rain Rate Distribution in Malaysia using Hydro-Estimator for 5G and Microwave LinksHafiz Basarudin 0Noor Hidayah Mohd Yunus1Aizat Faiz Ramli2Zuhanis Mansor3Aduwati Sali4Hong Seng Gan5Mohd Azlan Abu6Lee Kong Chian Faculty of Engineering and Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, MalaysiaUniversiti Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia | British Malaysian Institute, MalaysiaUniversiti Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia | British Malaysian Institute, Malaysia Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia | British Malaysian Institute, MalaysiaWiPNET Research Centre of Excellence, Malaysia | Deparment of Computer and Communication Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia Department of Data Science, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, MalaysiaDepartment of Electronic Systems Engineering, Malaysian-Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, MalaysiaWireless transmissions at more than 10GHz can experience signal fading caused by the presence of hydrometeor particles in the atmosphere. Among these hydrometeors, rain is the largest contributor to the fading mechanism. Rain fade can be predicted or calculated using rain rate measurements. With climate change affecting the world due to the rise of carbon dioxide in the air, it is expected to affect the distribution of rainfall, which ultimately affects rain fade. This paper investigates the effects of climate change on rain rate distribution in Malaysia. Ten years of Hydro-Estimator data containing rainfall rates in Peninsular Malaysia and the Sabah and Sarawak region from 2011 to 2020 were collected and analyzed. Using the linear regression method, a small increment of rain rate distribution at 0.01% annual probability was detected for all regions, indicating a climate change effect on the rain rate distribution. For Peninsular Malaysia, the rate was 0.2356mm/hr per year while for the Sabah and Sarawak region, it was 0.4046mm/hr per year. An increase in the rain rate would increase the rain fade, causing signal losses and distortions in high-frequency wireless communication signals. The evaluation of climate change effects on the rain rate and rain fade distributions can help in developing a long-term prediction of the signal performance in 5G systems and high-frequency radio link frequencies due to hydrometeors. https://etasr.com/index.php/ETASR/article/view/5552ITU-R modelmillimeter-wave bandrain fade5G concernswireless transmission |
| spellingShingle | Hafiz Basarudin Noor Hidayah Mohd Yunus Aizat Faiz Ramli Zuhanis Mansor Aduwati Sali Hong Seng Gan Mohd Azlan Abu Evaluation of Climate Change Effects on Rain Rate Distribution in Malaysia using Hydro-Estimator for 5G and Microwave Links Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research ITU-R model millimeter-wave band rain fade 5G concerns wireless transmission |
| title | Evaluation of Climate Change Effects on Rain Rate Distribution in Malaysia using Hydro-Estimator for 5G and Microwave Links |
| title_full | Evaluation of Climate Change Effects on Rain Rate Distribution in Malaysia using Hydro-Estimator for 5G and Microwave Links |
| title_fullStr | Evaluation of Climate Change Effects on Rain Rate Distribution in Malaysia using Hydro-Estimator for 5G and Microwave Links |
| title_full_unstemmed | Evaluation of Climate Change Effects on Rain Rate Distribution in Malaysia using Hydro-Estimator for 5G and Microwave Links |
| title_short | Evaluation of Climate Change Effects on Rain Rate Distribution in Malaysia using Hydro-Estimator for 5G and Microwave Links |
| title_sort | evaluation of climate change effects on rain rate distribution in malaysia using hydro estimator for 5g and microwave links |
| topic | ITU-R model millimeter-wave band rain fade 5G concerns wireless transmission |
| url | https://etasr.com/index.php/ETASR/article/view/5552 |
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