Supercritical Fluid Extraction of Bioactive Components from Apple Peels and Their Modulation of Complex I Activity in Isolated Mitochondria
Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) was used to extract bioactive compounds from apple (<i>Malus domestica</i>) peel waste from three different Italian cultivars. The bioactive fractions were extracted applying a temperature of 60 °C and a pressure of 250 bar for 15 min with 20% ethanol...
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MDPI AG
2024-03-01
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| Series: | Antioxidants |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/13/3/307 |
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| author | Antonella Aresta Nicoletta De Vietro Pietro Cotugno Ciro Leonardo Pierri Lucia Trisolini Carlo Zambonin |
| author_facet | Antonella Aresta Nicoletta De Vietro Pietro Cotugno Ciro Leonardo Pierri Lucia Trisolini Carlo Zambonin |
| author_sort | Antonella Aresta |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) was used to extract bioactive compounds from apple (<i>Malus domestica</i>) peel waste from three different Italian cultivars. The bioactive fractions were extracted applying a temperature of 60 °C and a pressure of 250 bar for 15 min with 20% ethanol as co-solvent, at a flow rate of 2 mL/min. The total polyphenol (TP), anthocyanin (TA), ascorbic acid (AA), and antioxidant activity contents (TACs) were measured, while chromatographic analyses were performed to highlight the differences between the extracts. The Stark cultivar had the highest levels of polyphenols, anthocyanins, and ascorbic acid, while the Royal Gala cultivar showed the highest total antioxidant activity. SFE extracts were then tested for their effect on the mitochondrial NADH–ubiquinone oxidoreductase (Complex I) activity on mitochondria isolated from human embryonic kidney cells (HEK239). The Stark extract showed the most positive response in terms of NADH oxidation. The results obtained in this work highlight the potential of apple peel waste as a source of functional phytocompounds and suggest that Stark cultivar extracts may be exploited for pharmacological applications. This study supports the circular bioeconomy by promoting the use of waste products as a valuable resource. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T18:36:52Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-95340c0d5a1b42aeb1aa59556cd334af |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3921 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T18:36:52Z |
| publishDate | 2024-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Antioxidants |
| spelling | doaj.art-95340c0d5a1b42aeb1aa59556cd334af2024-03-27T13:18:31ZengMDPI AGAntioxidants2076-39212024-03-0113330710.3390/antiox13030307Supercritical Fluid Extraction of Bioactive Components from Apple Peels and Their Modulation of Complex I Activity in Isolated MitochondriaAntonella Aresta0Nicoletta De Vietro1Pietro Cotugno2Ciro Leonardo Pierri3Lucia Trisolini4Carlo Zambonin5Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Environment, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, ItalyDepartment of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Environment, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, ItalyDepartment of Chemistry, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, ItalyDepartment of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, ItalyDepartment of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Environment, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, ItalyDepartment of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Environment, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, ItalySupercritical fluid extraction (SFE) was used to extract bioactive compounds from apple (<i>Malus domestica</i>) peel waste from three different Italian cultivars. The bioactive fractions were extracted applying a temperature of 60 °C and a pressure of 250 bar for 15 min with 20% ethanol as co-solvent, at a flow rate of 2 mL/min. The total polyphenol (TP), anthocyanin (TA), ascorbic acid (AA), and antioxidant activity contents (TACs) were measured, while chromatographic analyses were performed to highlight the differences between the extracts. The Stark cultivar had the highest levels of polyphenols, anthocyanins, and ascorbic acid, while the Royal Gala cultivar showed the highest total antioxidant activity. SFE extracts were then tested for their effect on the mitochondrial NADH–ubiquinone oxidoreductase (Complex I) activity on mitochondria isolated from human embryonic kidney cells (HEK239). The Stark extract showed the most positive response in terms of NADH oxidation. The results obtained in this work highlight the potential of apple peel waste as a source of functional phytocompounds and suggest that Stark cultivar extracts may be exploited for pharmacological applications. This study supports the circular bioeconomy by promoting the use of waste products as a valuable resource.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/13/3/307SFEHPLCapple peelsbioactive compoundsin vitro activity |
| spellingShingle | Antonella Aresta Nicoletta De Vietro Pietro Cotugno Ciro Leonardo Pierri Lucia Trisolini Carlo Zambonin Supercritical Fluid Extraction of Bioactive Components from Apple Peels and Their Modulation of Complex I Activity in Isolated Mitochondria Antioxidants SFE HPLC apple peels bioactive compounds in vitro activity |
| title | Supercritical Fluid Extraction of Bioactive Components from Apple Peels and Their Modulation of Complex I Activity in Isolated Mitochondria |
| title_full | Supercritical Fluid Extraction of Bioactive Components from Apple Peels and Their Modulation of Complex I Activity in Isolated Mitochondria |
| title_fullStr | Supercritical Fluid Extraction of Bioactive Components from Apple Peels and Their Modulation of Complex I Activity in Isolated Mitochondria |
| title_full_unstemmed | Supercritical Fluid Extraction of Bioactive Components from Apple Peels and Their Modulation of Complex I Activity in Isolated Mitochondria |
| title_short | Supercritical Fluid Extraction of Bioactive Components from Apple Peels and Their Modulation of Complex I Activity in Isolated Mitochondria |
| title_sort | supercritical fluid extraction of bioactive components from apple peels and their modulation of complex i activity in isolated mitochondria |
| topic | SFE HPLC apple peels bioactive compounds in vitro activity |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/13/3/307 |
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